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A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals. Developed in 1947.

A fundamental law stating the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance: $V = IR$. Discovered in 1827.

A passive two-terminal electronic component that stores potential energy in an electric field. Development has evolved from the Leyden jar in the 1700s to modern-day capacitors.

An electrical device that uses electromagnetic induction to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current supply. Developed in 1836.

A set of electronic circuits on one small plate ('chip') of semiconductor material. Developed in 1958.

An automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current. Developed in 1879.

An instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the Earth's magnetic poles. Its earliest form was developed in China during the Han Dynasty between 2nd century BCE and 1st century CE.

A type of electromagnet when the coil is sufficiently long and carries an electric current. Invented by André-Marie Ampère in the 1820s.

A type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Developed by William Sturgeon in 1824.

The creation of a computer technology based on the principles of quantum theory. Significant progress has been made since the 1990s.

A system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. Developed throughout the 20th century.

A compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. Developed in the early 1970s.

An early device used to store an electric charge. Developed in the 1740s.

A type of electrical current, in which the direction of the flow of electrons switches back and forth. Fully realized in the late 1880s.

An electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. Developed in 1881.

A phenomenon where a circuit loses all electrical resistance and becomes perfectly conductive and diamagnetic below a certain temperature. Discovered in 1911.

An incandescent bulb producing light by heating a filament. Developed in 1879.

A device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied. Invented in the early 20th century.

An electric motor driven by alternating current. Developed in the 1880s.

A device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Michael Faraday's work in the early 1830s laid the foundation for generators.

A semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only. Developed in the early 20th century.

A system for transmitting messages from a distance along a wire. Developed in the 1830s.

A device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections. The first true battery was created by Alessandro Volta in 1800.

A device that converts light into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. First practical version developed in 1954.