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Significant Architectural Innovations
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Beaux-Arts Architecture
Popular from the late 19th century through the early 20th century, the Beaux-Arts style is known for its grand and elaborate architecture, often with classical French influences.
Gothic Architecture
A style of architecture that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages, from the 12th to the 16th century. Known for its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.
Modernism
A philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In architecture, it includes minimalism and rejects ornamentation.
Postmodern Architecture
Emerging in the 1960s, this style is a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the international style advocated by Le Corbusier.
Greco-Roman Architecture
Classical architecture of the Mediterranean, based on the principles of Greek and Roman innovation; includes the use of columns, entablatures, and the use of marble and limestone.
Baroque Architecture
Developed in the late 16th century in Italy, known for its grandeur, rich decorations, and dramatic use of light and shadow.
Renaissance Architecture
Emerging in the early 15th century in Italy, this style reflects a revival of classical Greek and Roman architectural principles, such as symmetry and proportion.
Deconstructivism
A movement of postmodern architecture which appeared in the 1980s, it gives the impression of the fragmentation of the constructed building. Often chaotic and non-rectilinear shapes.
Brutalism
An architectural style that emerged in the 1950s and grew out of the early-20th century modernist movement, known for its stark, geometric designs and raw concrete construction.
Victorian Architecture
The architecture of the United Kingdom during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, characterized by a blend of historical styles with innovation.
Bauhaus Architecture
Originating in Germany around 1919, it combines crafts and the fine arts, characterized by economic sensibility, simplicity, and a focus on mass production.
High-Tech Architecture
Also known as Structural Expressionism, it is a style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.
Romanesque Architecture
The dominant architectural style in Europe from the 9th to the 12th century. Characteristic for its round arches, thick walls, and large towers.
Art Deco
A style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I and became popular in the 1920s and 1930s. Distinguished by rich colors, bold geometry, and decadent detail work.
Byzantine Architecture
Developed under the Byzantine Empire from the 4th to 15th century, renowned for its massive domes with square bases and rounded arches. Often richly decorated.
International Style
An architectural style that developed in the 1920s and 1930s and became the dominant mode of Western architecture during the middle decades of the 20th century. Characterized by an emphasis on volume over mass, and the use of lightweight, mass-produced industrial materials.
Neoclassical Architecture
Originating in the mid-18th century, this style is inspired by the classical architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. Balance, harmony, and restraint are key.
Sustainable Architecture
A contemporary movement that aims to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by enhancing efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and development space.
Art Nouveau Architecture
Popular between 1890 and 1910, this style features organic, especially floral and other plant-inspired motifs, as well as highly-stylized, flowing curvilinear forms.
Futurism
An early 20th-century artistic and social movement that emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city.
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