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A minimally invasive surgery technique that uses small incisions and a camera to perform operations. Introduced in 1987.

An experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease, potentially eliminating the need for surgery or drugs. First clinical trials began in 1990.

A tiny wire mesh tube that is inserted into a narrowed or blocked coronary artery to keep it open, improving blood flow to the heart. Introduced in 1986.

A surgical transplant procedure performed on patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease. The first human heart transplant was performed in 1967.

A small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard-of-hearing. Introduced in 1982.

A type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Introduced in the 1990s.

An acoustic medical device for auscultation, or listening to the internal sounds of a body. Introduced in 1816.

A form of electromagnetic radiation that can pass through the human body to produce images of bones and other internal structures. Introduced in 1895.

A treatment for managing diabetes by administering insulin, discovered in 1921.

An imaging test that helps reveal how your tissues and organs are functioning. Introduced in 1975.

A procedure to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys stop working properly. The first form, hemodialysis, was introduced in the 1940s.

A non-invasive imaging technology that produces three dimensional detailed anatomical images. Introduced in 1977.

A medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to contract the heart muscles and regulate the electrical conduction system of the heart. Introduced in 1958.

A type of minimally invasive surgery in which doctors use a computer to control small instruments attached to a robot. FDA approved for general laparoscopic surgery in 2000.

A non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. Introduced in 1903.

A neurosurgical procedure involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator, which sends electrical impulses to specific parts of the brain. Introduced for chronic pain in 1967 and for movement disorders in the 1980s.

A procedure in which a patient's diseased heart valve is replaced with an artificial heart valve. Introduced in 1960.

An assisted reproductive technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF, where egg and sperm are combined outside the body, and the resulting embryo is implanted in the uterus. Introduced in 1978.

A portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and is able to treat them through defibrillation. Introduced in the 1990s.