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The Atomic Age
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Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
An international treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and technology, signed on July 1, 1968.
Chernobyl Disaster
A catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on April 26, 1986, at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukrainian SSR.
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster
A series of equipment failures, nuclear meltdowns, and releases of radioactive materials at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant, following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011.
Operation Crossroads
A pair of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid-1946 to investigate the effect of nuclear weapons on naval warships.
First Controlled Nuclear Chain Reaction
Enrico Fermi and a team of scientists initiated the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction in the world on December 2, 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project.
Ivy Mike Test
The first successful test of a hydrogen bomb by the United States conducted at Enewetak Atoll on November 1, 1952.
Stuxnet
A malicious computer worm, first uncovered in 2010, thought to have been in development since at least 2005. It was designed to target industrial control systems used to monitor and control large-scale industrial facilities like power plants, and is famously known for causing substantial damage to Iran's nuclear program.
Three Mile Island Accident
A partial nuclear meltdown that occurred on March 28, 1979, in reactor number 2 of Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station in Pennsylvania, United States.
Treaty of Tlatelolco
Signed on February 14, 1967, this treaty aimed to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
Two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties between the United States and the Soviet Union, the Cold War superpowers, on nuclear arms control. SALT I (1969-1972) and SALT II (1972-1979).
Kyshtym Disaster
A radioactive contamination accident that occurred on September 29, 1957, at Mayak, a plutonium production site in the Soviet Union, considered to be the third-most serious nuclear accident ever to have occurred.
Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and August 9, 1945, respectively.
Discovery of Radioactivity
The phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896.
Castle Bravo Test
The code name for the first dry fuel thermonuclear hydrogen bomb test by the United States, conducted on March 1, 1954, at Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)
A multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions for both civilian and military purposes, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on September 10, 1996.
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
An international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to prevent its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons; established on July 29, 1957.
The Manhattan Project
A research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons, led by the United States with support from the UK and Canada, active from 1942 to 1946.
Windscale Fire
The worst nuclear accident in Great Britain's history, occurred on October 10, 1957, when a fire developed in one of the two nuclear reactors on the Windscale site in Cumbria, England.
India's First Nuclear Test (Smiling Buddha)
India conducted its first successful nuclear bomb test in the Pokhran Test Range on May 18, 1974, which it called a 'peaceful nuclear explosion'.
First Nuclear Power Plant
The world's first nuclear power plant that generated electricity for commercial use was the USSR's Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, grid-connected on June 27, 1954.
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