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History of Mechanical Engineering

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Camshaft

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A shaft to which a cam is fastened or of which a cam forms an integral part, controlling the input of fuel to an engine.

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Pulley

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A wheel with a grooved rim in which a rope can run to change the direction of the pull and thereby lift a load.

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Cotton Gin

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A machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 to remove cotton seeds from cotton fibers, increased cotton production and was a historical factor in the American Civil War.

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Lever

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A rigid bar pivoted about a fulcrum, used to transmit and enhance power or motion.

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Hydraulic Press

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A device using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force, utilizing Pascal's Law.

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Wheel and Axle

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A simple machine that reduces the friction involved in moving objects, fundamental for transportation and machinery.

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Internal Combustion Engine

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An engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid.

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Crankshaft

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A part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation, fundamental in converting motion.

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Inclined Plane

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A flat surface tilted at an angle to help raise or lower loads, significantly reducing the force needed.

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Flywheel

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A heavy rotating disc which is used to smooth out power delivery and store rotational energy.

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Gears

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A rotating machine part having cut teeth, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque and speed.

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Steam Engine

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An engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power, a driving force behind the Industrial Revolution.

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Screw

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An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder, used to convert rotational force to linear force and motion.

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Bearing

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A machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts.

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Lathe Machine

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A machine tool primarily used for shaping pieces of metal (or occasionally other materials) by causing the workpiece to be held and rotated by the lathe while a tool bit is advanced into the work causing a cutting action.

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Differential Gear

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A gear train with three shafts that has the property that the angular velocity of one shaft is the average of the angular velocities of the others, or a fixed multiple of that average.

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Refrigeration

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The process of moving heat from one location to another by the use of vapor compression or absorption cycles.

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Steam Turbine

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A mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and converts it into rotary motion, widely used in power generation plants.

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Sextant

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A navigational instrument used to measure the angle of elevation of a celestial object above the horizon, crucial for celestial navigation.

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Turbine

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A device that captures energy from fluid flow and converts it to useful work, commonly seen in wind turbines and hydroelectric power generators.

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Assembly Line

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A manufacturing process in which parts are added to a product in a sequential manner using optimally planned logistics to create a finished product much faster than with traditional methods.

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Dynamo

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An early electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator, instrumental in electricity production in the 19th century.

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3D Printing

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A process of making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file, creating the final product by laying down many successive thin layers of a material.

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Jet Engine

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A type of reaction engine that discharges a fast-moving jet of fluid to generate thrust in accordance with Newton's third law of motion.

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Water Wheel

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A machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.

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