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An ancient form of long-distance communication used by various cultures; smoke signals were significant in relaying messages over long distances when no advanced technology existed.

A method of sending messages using homing pigeons; this played a crucial role in delivering important information before electronic communication became widespread.

The first form of electronic communication invented in the early 19th century; the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication by transmitting electrical signals over wires.

An invention by Alexander Graham Bell that converted human voice into electrical signals; the telephone greatly influenced social and business interactions by allowing real-time voice communication across distances.

A technology that allows the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves; radio transformed the way information was shared and became a popular medium for entertainment and news.

An electronic device capable of transmitting moving images; television became a dominant form of entertainment and information, impacting public opinion and culture.

A type of communication technology that uses orbital satellites to relay signals; satellite communication is essential for global broadcasting, navigation, and telecommunications.

A device that transmits scanned documents via the telephone network; the fax machine was a crucial business communication tool before the advent of digital communication.

A method of exchanging digital messages over the Internet; Email has become an integral part of personal and professional communication due to its speed and convenience.

A portable telephone that makes and receives calls over a radio frequency; mobile phones have become ubiquitous and are crucial for personal and business communication.

A device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium; the printing press enabled the mass production of books and literacy expansion, affecting education and the spread of ideas.

A global network of interconnected networks that allows data exchange worldwide; the Internet has transformed communication, commerce, and access to information.

A method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks; Morse code was critical during the telegraph era for sending messages over long distances before telephones.

A system of conveying information by means of visual signals, using towers with pivoting arms; semaphore lines were a precursor to the telegraph in long-distance communication.

A wireless solar telegraphy device that signals by flashes of sunlight reflected by a mirror; the heliograph was used for military communication in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

A language which uses manual communication and body language to convey meaning; sign language is crucial for communication among the deaf and hard of hearing communities.

Pigeons especially bred for their homing ability, used for delivering messages; carrier pigeons were vital in situations where other communication methods were unavailable.

A fast mail service that crossed the North American continent from the Missouri River to the Pacific coast; the Pony Express was a significant communication link before the telegraph.

A message sent by a submarine telegraph cable, often shortened to cable or wire; cablegrams were important in international communication, especially in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

A wireless telecommunications device that receives and displays alphanumeric messages; pagers were important communication devices for on-the-go professionals, especially in the medical field.

A technology that allows users in different locations to hold face-to-face meetings without having to move to a single location; video conferencing became vital for business and personal communication, particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A communication system using a line of stations, typically towers, for the purpose of conveying textual information by means of visual signals; the optical telegraph predates the electric telegraph and was used for tactical and strategic communications during the Napoleonic Wars.

A telegraphy system conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags, rods, disks, paddles, or occasionally bare or gloved hands; semaphore flag signaling is still used in maritime communication.

An invention by Alexander Graham Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter; the photophone was a wireless device that transmitted sound on a beam of light and was a precursor to fiber-optic communications.