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Key Battles of the Hundred Years' War
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Battle of Crécy - 1346
Significance: Showcased the deadly effectiveness of the English longbow. Outcome: Decisive English victory, cementing Edward III's claim over French territories.
Battle of Poitiers - 1356
Significance: Further demonstrated the power of the English army; led to the capture of the French king, John II. Outcome: Major English victory, causing instability in France.
Battle of Agincourt - 1415
Significance: Henry V's use of longbows proved devastating against French knights. Outcome: English victory, which led to the Treaty of Troyes recognizing English claims in France.
Siege of Orléans - 1428-1429
Significance: Marked the turning point of the war in favor of France, aided by Joan of Arc. Outcome: French victory, initiating the end of English territorial holdings in France.
Battle of Formigny - 1450
Significance: Showed the decline of English military fortune and rise of French artillery. Outcome: French victory, leading to the loss of Normandy by the English.
Battle of Castillon - 1453
Significance: Marked the end of the Hundred Years' War; saw the effective use of French cannon. Outcome: French victory, leading to the English retaining only Calais in France.
Battle of La Rochelle - 1372
Significance: First major naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and a significant victory for the Castilian-French alliance. Outcome: Ended English dominance at sea and jeopardized their supply lines.
Battle of Verneuil - 1424
Significance: One of the bloodiest battles of the war; sometimes called a second Agincourt. Outcome: English victory but with no strategic advantage gained.
Battle of Auberoche - 1345
Significance: The battle showcased the tactical skill of the English commanders during the early phase of the war. Outcome: Decisive English victory, improving their position in Aquitaine.
Battle of Patay - 1429
Significance: One of the first major French victories during the latter stages of the war, demonstrating the effectiveness of their cavalry against the English longbowmen. Outcome: French victory that marked the end of English military superiority.
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