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A trebuchet is a type of catapult that works by using a counterweight to swing a long arm, which propels a projectile towards a target. It was highly effective in siege warfare for demolishing fortress walls and could hurl large stones or even diseased carcasses.

A battered ram is a heavy, beam-like weapon often capped with metal and suspended by ropes or carried by soldiers. It was used to break through gates and walls during sieges, employing the force of multiple warriors to create a powerful impact.

The ballista was an ancient missile weapon that launched bolts or large arrows. Resembling a giant crossbow, it was designed for precision and used both in offense, to pick off soldiers on walls, and in defense, to repel attackers.

Similar to a catapult, the mangonel flings projectiles by releasing tension in a twisted rope or spring. Its primary purpose was to bombard fortifications with stones or fire pots, but its accuracy was less than that of a trebuchet.

The siege tower was a tall, movable structure typically made of wood and covered with animal hides for protection against fire. It allowed attackers to approach a fortress wall and deploy soldiers directly onto the battlements.

A petard was a small bomb used to blast through doors or walls. It consisted of a metal or wooden box filled with gunpowder, which was fixed to target areas by sappers. The term 'hoist with his own petard' refers to someone being harmed by their own device.

Considered one of the largest trebuchets ever built, the War Wolf was a massive siege engine capable of hurling projectiles of immense size. It was famously used by King Edward I during the siege of Stirling Castle in 1304.