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Medieval Castle Architecture
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Portcullis
A heavy vertically-closing gate typically found in the gatehouse. Made of wood or metal, it could quickly block the entrance to the castle in case of attack.
Murder Holes
Holes in the ceilings of gatehouses or passageways through which defenders could shoot or drop boiling substances on attackers.
Barbican
An external fortified outpost or gateway at the entrance to a castle, adding an extra layer of defense before attackers reach the main gate.
Keep
A strong, central tower and the last line of defense, serving as a residence for the lord and a stronghold during sieges.
Curtain Wall
A high, protective wall that encloses the inner area of the castle, providing a first line of defense against attackers.
Arrow Slits
Narrow vertical openings in castle walls or towers allowing defenders to shoot arrows at attackers while remaining protected.
Donjon
Another term for a stronghold or keep, usually the most protected part of the castle where the lord resides and last defense in a siege.
Drawbridge
A movable bridge that spans the moat and can be raised to prevent entry or allow passage. It acts as an additional defensive barrier.
Battlements
The upper section of castle walls with alternating crenellations (merlons and crenels) for cover and firing arrows.
Machicolations
Stone projections on the outside walls of castles with openings that allow defenders to drop objects or shoot downward on attackers.
Dungeon
A secure, underground room or cell where prisoners are kept. The term is often misapplied to the keep or donjon.
Moat
A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, filled with water to provide defense against invasion. Moats could also be used for sanitation purposes.
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