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Founders: Saint Benedict of Nursia Beliefs: Adherence to the Rule of Saint Benedict, which focuses on prayer, work, and communal living Impact: Shaped Christian monastic life in the Middle Ages, became a model for the organization of monasteries

Founders: Saint Francis of Assisi Beliefs: Emphasis on poverty, simplicity, and preaching to people of all social classes Impact: Spread rapidly; influenced art, encouraged care for the poor and sick, and promoted animal welfare

Founders: Saint Dominic de Guzman Beliefs: Focus on scholarship, education, and combating heresy through teaching Impact: Founded schools and universities, contributed to the medieval Inquisition, had a significant role in intellectual life of the time

Founders: Beliefs likely originated from Eastern Europe and the Balkans Beliefs: Dualistic view of the world, rejecting material wealth and the Catholic Church Impact: Persecuted in the Albigensian Crusade, which aimed to eliminate their influence

Founders: A group of knights including Hugh de Payens Beliefs: Militant monastic order that believed in protecting Christian pilgrims and the Holy Land Impact: Accumulated considerable wealth and power, later disbanded and members persecuted under Philip IV of France