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Medieval Philosophers and Thinkers
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St. Augustine of Hippo
Developed the concepts of original sin and just war.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Formulated the Five Ways of proving the existence of God; wrote 'Summa Theologica'.
St. Anselm of Canterbury
Originated the ontological argument for the existence of God in his work 'Proslogion'.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
Wrote 'The Book of Healing' and 'The Canon of Medicine', influencing both eastern and western thought.
Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
Commented on the works of Aristotle, advocating for the harmony of faith and reason.
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon)
Wrote 'Guide for the Perplexed'; Jewish philosopher who also incorporated Aristotelian thought.
William of Ockham
Known for Ockham’s Razor; critiqued Scholasticism with his nominalism.
Boethius
His works connected ancient classical philosophy with medieval Christian theology, notably in 'The Consolation of Philosophy'.
Albertus Magnus
Helped introduce Aristotelian philosophy to medieval Europe; teacher of Thomas Aquinas.
Duns Scotus
Known for his univocity of being, his works on metaphysics, and the defense of Immaculate Conception.
Peter Abelard
Known for his work 'Sic et Non' and his dynamic method of logical inquiry.
Roger Bacon
Advocated for the empirical method; his works foresaw the modern scientific method.
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