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Manorialism was the economic system of the Middle Ages that tied peasants to the land through a relationship with a lord who owned a manor. Lords provided protection and land use in exchange for labor and a portion of the produce, which was significant for maintaining the feudal system.

Feudalism was the dominant social system in medieval Europe, where nobility held lands in exchange for military service and vassals were tenants of the land, which was significant because it structured society and provided security in a time of frequent conflicts.

Guilds were associations of artisans or merchants who controlled trade and commerce within towns during the Middle Ages. They maintained product standards, trained apprentices, and held economic power, which was significant for the development of skilled trades and market regulation.

Serfdom was a condition in medieval Europe where peasants were legally bound to the land they worked on and to the lord of the manor. They provided labor in return for protection and the right to work on leased fields, which was significant as it was a widespread form of agricultural labor organization.

The Three-Field System was an agricultural practice in medieval Europe that involved rotating three fields for different uses - one for autumn planting, one for spring planting, and one left fallow. This improved land usage and increased crop yields, which was significant for boosting food production and supporting population growth.

A tithe was a tax-like payment made to the church, constituting one-tenth of a farmer's produce or earnings. It was significant in financing the operations of the church and symbolized religious devotion in the Middle Ages.

Usury was the practice of charging interest on loans, which was often considered sinful or immoral in medieval times. The Catholic Church forbade usury, which significantly affected the development of banking and commerce in the medieval period.

Merchant Fairs were periodic gatherings where traders from various regions came together to buy, sell, or exchange goods. They facilitated trade over long distances and were significant for stimulating economic activity and the spread of goods and ideas across medieval Europe.

During the Middle Ages, coinage became more widespread as monarchs and feudal lords minted their own currencies to facilitate trade. Coinage provided a standard medium of exchange and value, which was significant for enabling more complex commercial activities.