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Addresses how a reader's ethnicity and cultural background can shape their interpretation of a text.

His 'identity theme theory' suggests that readers interpret texts in ways that express their own identities.

Critiques include the potential neglect of the text's materiality and undervaluing of the author's role.

Opposed to the implied reader, this is the real individual engaging with the text, bringing their own experiences.

Emphasized the reader's role in creating the meaning of a text with her Transactional Theory.

Reading to extract information, often at the expense of a personal connection with the text.

His work included critiques of reader-response theory, arguing for a 'criticism in the wild' that accounts for the unpredictability of reading.

Initiated the concept of implied reader and reader's role in realizing textual meanings.

Known for his concept of the 'horizon of expectations' which frames how a reader's historical and cultural context influences their interpretation of a text.

The principle that the reader has freedom in constructing the meaning of a text.

Considers how gender influences the way readers create meaning from texts.

Asserted that texts have no meaning until they are read and promoted the 'subjective criticism' method.

Developed the concept of interpretive communities that shape readers' understanding of texts.

Louise Rosenblatt's framework where the reader engages in a transaction with the text, creating meaning.

Examines the ethical responsibilities and choices of readers as they interpret texts.

The notion that readers' understanding of a text is shaped by their own cultural and historical context.

The shaping of a text's meaning by other texts, which can affect reader interpretation.

A reading practice focused on personal engagement and emotional response to the text.

A concept introduced by Wolfgang Iser as the reader's version of the author's anticipated audience.

Focuses on the psychological dimensions of reading, such as subconscious responses and defense mechanisms.

Emphasizes the reader's role in interpreting texts, suggesting meaning is not fixed but created during the reading process.

Emphasized text's structuring role in guiding reader's interpretation with his concept of 'syllepsis'.

Involves examining how texts provoke emotional purgation in readers and thus influence interpretation.

An approach focusing on the reader's emotional responses to the stylistic elements of the text.