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The Harlem Renaissance Overview

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Jean Toomer

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His work 'Cane' is regarded as a high literary achievement of the Harlem Renaissance, mixing poetry and prose to explore issues of race and identity.

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Langston Hughes

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A central figure in the Harlem Renaissance, Hughes was known for his innovative jazz poetry and for works such as 'The Weary Blues' which reflect the lives and voices of black Americans.

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Aaron Douglas

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His art captured the essence of the Harlem Renaissance and he is known for his contributions as a visual artist portraying African-American subjects.

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Claude McKay

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McKay wrote about social and political concerns from a black standpoint, and his poems, including 'If We Must Die,' resonated with the struggles against racism.

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Countee Cullen

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Influenced by the traditional poetic style, Cullen's work dealt with issues of racial identity and idealism, as seen in 'Color' and 'Copper Sun.'

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Zora Neale Hurston

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Hurston contributed with her portrayal of racial struggles in the South, especially in her 1937 novel 'Their Eyes Were Watching God.'

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Josephine Baker

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Baker was celebrated as a performer and dancer, also known for her work in Paris, which defied racial boundaries.

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Angelina Weld Grimké

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As a poet and playwright, Grimké's work, such as the play 'Rachel,' confronted the brutality of racism and the hope for racial harmony.

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Alain Locke

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Known as the 'Father of the Harlem Renaissance,' his anthology 'The New Negro' pushed for African Americans' cultural and political re-evaluation.

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Duke Ellington

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Ellington's orchestral works at the Cotton Club brought jazz to mainstream audiences and elevated it as a sophisticated art form.

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James Weldon Johnson

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Johnson was a multifaceted writer and civil rights activist; his work 'The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man' explored the complexity of race and identity.

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Augusta Savage

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A sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance, Savage created works that celebrated black American culture and helped promote the work of other emerging black artists.

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Paul Robeson

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A man of many talents, Robeson was an actor, singer, and civil rights activist who brought attention to African American culture through his performances such as 'Othello.'

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Nella Larsen

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Her novels, including 'Passing' and 'Quicksand,' examined questions of racial identity and the color line within the black community.

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Billie Holiday

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Her poignant vocal style in songs like 'Strange Fruit' addressed the harsh realities of African American life.

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Jacob Lawrence

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Lawrence was a visual artist whose Migration Series depicted the Great Migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North.

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Bessie Smith

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Known as the 'Empress of the Blues,' Smith's powerful singing voice became a definitive sound of the Harlem Renaissance.

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Louis Armstrong

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A prominent figure in jazz music, Armstrong's trumpet playing and singing helped popularize jazz beyond the boundaries of Harlem.

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Wallace Thurman

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Thurman's work like 'The Blacker the Berry' explored issues of colorism and discrimination within the black community itself.

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Oscar Micheaux

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As a pioneering African American filmmaker, Micheaux's movies, including 'Within Our Gates,' highlighted the experiences and adversities faced by black Americans.

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