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Victorian Literature Essentials

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Charles Dickens

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Major works include 'Oliver Twist', 'A Christmas Carol', 'Great Expectations'.

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Anthropocentrism

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Theme that reflects the belief that human beings are the most important entity in the universe and examines the implications of this belief in literature.

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Paterian Aestheticism

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Theme associated with the views of Walter Pater, emphasizing an appreciation of art and beauty that is disconnected from moral or educational purposes.

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The Novel of Manners

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Theme that describes works of fiction which re-create a social world, conveying the customs, values, and mores of a highly developed and complex society.

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Oscar Wilde

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Major works include 'The Picture of Dorian Gray', 'The Importance of Being Earnest', 'An Ideal Husband'.

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The Woman Question

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Theme that encompasses debates about the role and nature of women, often questioning the traditional roles of gender and family in Victorian society.

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Elizabeth Barrett Browning

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Major works include 'Sonnets from the Portuguese', 'Aurora Leigh', 'Casa Guidi Windows'.

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Gothic Literature

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Theme characterized by its use of desolate settings, supernatural elements, and a sense of horror or mystery.

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The Sensation Novel

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Theme that covers a genre of fiction writing, popular in the 1860s, that focused on shocking subject matter including crime, adultery, and bigamy, often blended with Gothic and detective fiction elements.

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Christina Rossetti

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Major works include 'Goblin Market', 'Remember', 'The Prince’s Progress'.

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Empiricism

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Theme that promotes the idea that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience, and is a philosophical belief that played a significant role in the literature and science of the Victorian age.

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George Eliot

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Major works include 'Middlemarch', 'The Mill on the Floss', 'Silas Marner'.

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Alfred, Lord Tennyson

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Major works include 'In Memoriam A.H.H.', 'The Charge of the Light Brigade', 'Ulysses'.

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The Bildungsroman Genre

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Theme referring to a coming-of-age story, a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood.

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Robert Browning

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Major works include 'My Last Duchess', 'Men and Women', 'The Ring and the Book'.

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Utilitarianism

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Theme surrounding the ethical theory that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.

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Elizabeth Gaskell

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Major works include 'North and South', 'Wives and Daughters', 'Cranford'.

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George Meredith

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Major works include 'The Egoist', 'Diana of the Crossways', 'Modern Love'.

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Industrial Revolution

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Theme exploring the impact of industrialization on Victorian society, often critiquing the dehumanization and moral degradation that resulted.

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Aestheticism

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Theme involving a European arts movement that emphasized aesthetic values more than social-political themes for literature, fine art, music, and other arts.

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John Ruskin

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Major works include 'Modern Painters', 'The Stones of Venice', 'Unto This Last'.

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Colonialism and the British Empire

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Theme exploring the complexities, influences, and consequences of British colonialism and imperialism in Victorian literature.

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Charlotte Brontë

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Major works include 'Jane Eyre' and 'Villette'.

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Thomas Hardy

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Major works include 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles', 'Far from the Madding Crowd', 'The Mayor of Casterbridge'.

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The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

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Theme relating to a group of English painters, poets, and critics founded in 1848 who aimed to reform art by rejecting what they considered a mechanistic approach that had come to dominate European art.

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Matthew Arnold

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Major works include 'Culture and Anarchy', 'Dover Beach', and various critical essays.

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Naturalism

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Theme that extends realism to a more philosophical and often pessimistic realm, suggesting that social conditions, heredity, and environment have inescapable force in shaping human behavior.

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Wilkie Collins

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Major works include 'The Woman in White', 'The Moonstone', 'No Name'.

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Dante Gabriel Rossetti

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Major works include 'The Blessed Damozel', 'Sister Helen', 'Proserpine'.

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Realism

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Theme that involves the portrayal of everyday life and society without romantic idealisation or exaggerated emotion.

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