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Victorian Literature Essentials
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Charles Dickens
Major works include 'Oliver Twist', 'A Christmas Carol', 'Great Expectations'.
Anthropocentrism
Theme that reflects the belief that human beings are the most important entity in the universe and examines the implications of this belief in literature.
Paterian Aestheticism
Theme associated with the views of Walter Pater, emphasizing an appreciation of art and beauty that is disconnected from moral or educational purposes.
The Novel of Manners
Theme that describes works of fiction which re-create a social world, conveying the customs, values, and mores of a highly developed and complex society.
Oscar Wilde
Major works include 'The Picture of Dorian Gray', 'The Importance of Being Earnest', 'An Ideal Husband'.
The Woman Question
Theme that encompasses debates about the role and nature of women, often questioning the traditional roles of gender and family in Victorian society.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Major works include 'Sonnets from the Portuguese', 'Aurora Leigh', 'Casa Guidi Windows'.
Gothic Literature
Theme characterized by its use of desolate settings, supernatural elements, and a sense of horror or mystery.
The Sensation Novel
Theme that covers a genre of fiction writing, popular in the 1860s, that focused on shocking subject matter including crime, adultery, and bigamy, often blended with Gothic and detective fiction elements.
Christina Rossetti
Major works include 'Goblin Market', 'Remember', 'The Prince’s Progress'.
Empiricism
Theme that promotes the idea that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience, and is a philosophical belief that played a significant role in the literature and science of the Victorian age.
George Eliot
Major works include 'Middlemarch', 'The Mill on the Floss', 'Silas Marner'.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Major works include 'In Memoriam A.H.H.', 'The Charge of the Light Brigade', 'Ulysses'.
The Bildungsroman Genre
Theme referring to a coming-of-age story, a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood.
Robert Browning
Major works include 'My Last Duchess', 'Men and Women', 'The Ring and the Book'.
Utilitarianism
Theme surrounding the ethical theory that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people.
Elizabeth Gaskell
Major works include 'North and South', 'Wives and Daughters', 'Cranford'.
George Meredith
Major works include 'The Egoist', 'Diana of the Crossways', 'Modern Love'.
Industrial Revolution
Theme exploring the impact of industrialization on Victorian society, often critiquing the dehumanization and moral degradation that resulted.
Aestheticism
Theme involving a European arts movement that emphasized aesthetic values more than social-political themes for literature, fine art, music, and other arts.
John Ruskin
Major works include 'Modern Painters', 'The Stones of Venice', 'Unto This Last'.
Colonialism and the British Empire
Theme exploring the complexities, influences, and consequences of British colonialism and imperialism in Victorian literature.
Charlotte Brontë
Major works include 'Jane Eyre' and 'Villette'.
Thomas Hardy
Major works include 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles', 'Far from the Madding Crowd', 'The Mayor of Casterbridge'.
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
Theme relating to a group of English painters, poets, and critics founded in 1848 who aimed to reform art by rejecting what they considered a mechanistic approach that had come to dominate European art.
Matthew Arnold
Major works include 'Culture and Anarchy', 'Dover Beach', and various critical essays.
Naturalism
Theme that extends realism to a more philosophical and often pessimistic realm, suggesting that social conditions, heredity, and environment have inescapable force in shaping human behavior.
Wilkie Collins
Major works include 'The Woman in White', 'The Moonstone', 'No Name'.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Major works include 'The Blessed Damozel', 'Sister Helen', 'Proserpine'.
Realism
Theme that involves the portrayal of everyday life and society without romantic idealisation or exaggerated emotion.
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