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A group of linguists and literary critics in Czechoslovakia who contributed to structuralism, notably through the theory of the function of literary language.

Concepts from transformational grammar indicating that all sentences have a deeper, underlying structure that transforms into the surface structure we hear or read.

A literary theorist influential in structuralist criticism; known for his work on genres, the fantastic, and introduction of Russian formalism to French scholarship.

A social theory that examines how structures are both constituted by human agency, and yet at the same time also shape that agency.

Literary theorist who developed the concept of narratology and contributed significantly to structuralist literary theory with his analysis of narrative forms and functions.

Developed by A.J. Greimas, this model is used to analyze the functions of characters in a narrative based on the actions that they take within a story's structure.

This theory analyzes the structures of cinema using linguistics as a metaphor, interpreting films as a language with systems of signs.

A concept that refers to pairs of mutually exclusive terms which are fundamental in structuring human thought and culture, according to structuralists.

Two fundamental figures of speech in structuralist theory that inform the processes of condensation and displacement, central to understanding narrative construction.

These complementary methods are used in structural linguistics to analyze the horizontal and vertical dimensions of linguistic relations respectively.

An approach that applies structuralist thought to Marxist theory, particularly in the analysis of societal superstructures in relation to the economic base.

A branch of structuralism focusing on the structures of human experience and consciousness, espoused by theorists like Roman Ingarden.

French literary theorist who extended structuralism to literary criticism, positing texts as systems of signs that can be analyzed structurally.

An approach to literary criticism that seeks the underlying structure of a literary text in order to study its relationship with language and culture.

The study of signs and symbols as elements of communicative behavior; the analysis of systems of communication, as language, gestures, or clothing.

Swiss linguist who laid the groundwork for structuralism with his theory of the linguistic sign, dividing it into the 'signifier' (sound/image) and 'signified' (concept).

An approach of anthropology that examines the structures of human relations and cultural phenomena to uncover underlying patterns and universals.

Linguist who identified the six functions of language and contributed to the advancement of structuralist thought in linguistics and poetics.

An approach to linguistics that examines the structure of language, emphasizing the interdependence of linguistic elements and their relation to language as a whole.

Anthropologist who applied structuralist ideas to the study of myths and kinship, arguing that cultural phenomena exhibit patterns similar to language.

The study of narrative structure, often including the theory of narrative construction and how it affects our perception of events.

An intellectual movement that evolved in response to structuralism, questioning the validity of universal structures and emphasizing the instability of meanings.

Terms coined by Lévi-Strauss, referring to the smallest constituent units of a myth, believed to be universal and recurring in different cultures.

A concept that refers to the systems of signs and rules applied by communities to interpret and give meaning to cultural and social phenomena.