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Important Medieval Philosophers
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Boethius
He is known for his work 'Consolation of Philosophy', his definition of eternity, and for making classical and Christian thought accessible during the early Middle Ages.
John Duns Scotus
Highlighted his defense of the Immaculate Conception, his formal distinction in metaphysics, and his scholastic achievements as a logician and theologian.
Al-Ghazali
Known for his critique of Neoplatonism and Aristotelianism, his spiritual writings on Sufism, and his argument for occasionalism.
Thomas Aquinas
Known for his synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine, his natural law theory, and his Five Proofs of the existence of God.
Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
Famous for his extensive commentaries on Aristotle, his defense of philosophical rationalism, and his influential works on Islamic jurisprudence and theology.
Anselm of Canterbury
Famous for his ontological argument for the existence of God, his exploration of the atonement, and his rational approach to theology.
Albertus Magnus
His contributions include being a precursor to the scientific method, extensive writings on Aristotle’s works, and exploring the relationship between religion and science.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
Key contributions include his 'Book of Healing', his theory of the intellect and the soul, and his proofs for the existence of God.
Roger Bacon
Known for his advocacy of the empirical method and for being ahead of his time with his views on the study of nature through observation and experimentation.
Augustine of Hippo
Key ideas and contributions include the integration of Christian theology with Neoplatonism, the concept of original sin, and the use of free will.
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon)
Contributions include his reconciliation of Aristotelian philosophy with Jewish scripture, his works on Jewish law, and his Guide for the Perplexed which explains complex philosophical concepts.
Peter Abelard
Known for his development of nominalism, his moral influence theory of atonement, and his work 'Sic et Non' which questioned the contradictions in church doctrine.
Duns Scotus
Known for his defense of theological voluntarism, his complex argumentation about metaphysics, and for developing the concept of 'haecceity' or 'thisness'.
William of Ockham
Famous for 'Ockham’s Razor', advocating the principle of parsimony in explanation, critical examination of the nature of universals, and his contributions to the development of nominalism.
Saint Bonaventure
Emphasized the importance of faith in understanding God, the role of emotion in religious experience, and the journey of the soul towards God.
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