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Al-Ghazali's skepticism about the limits of human reason influenced Western medieval thinkers to re-evaluate the role of reason in philosophy and theology.

Al-Farabi's ideas on political philosophy and the classification of sciences had a direct impact on thinkers like Albert the Great and Roger Bacon.

His mystic philosophy and concept of the unity of being (Wahdat al-Wujud) had an implicit impact on some Christian mystics of the late medieval period.

Known as the 'Philosopher of the Arabs', Al-Kindi's work on the compatibility of philosophy and religion prepared the groundwork for later religious philosophers in the medieval West.

Avicenna's metaphysics and his concept of the 'necessary existent' influenced scholastics like Thomas Aquinas in articulating the idea of God and being.

Averroes' commentaries on Aristotle were crucial texts for Thomas Aquinas and other scholastics in developing their own philosophical systems.

Al-Razi's classification of knowledge and his philosophical writings had a subtle influence on the Western medieval medical and philosophical thought.

Al-Ma'arri's skepticism and rationalist philosophy ignited critical thinking and a more cautious approach to metaphysical claims among some European thinkers.

This movement, which involved the translation of key Islamic philosophical and scientific texts into Latin, directly facilitated the incorporation of Islamic knowledge into Western scholarship.