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The doctrine that human beings require divine grace to understand certain truths, especially in theology.

A medieval school of philosophy that aimed to reconcile Christian theology with classical philosophy.

Philosopher known for Ockham's Razor, advocating simplicity in philosophical and theological explanations.

A medieval philosopher who developed a synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology.

The doctrine that universals or general ideas are mere names without any corresponding reality.

Medieval Andalusian philosopher who provided extensive commentaries on Aristotle.

The view that humans require divine assistance to gain knowledge.

The belief in the reality of universals and their existence even when not instantiated.

An early Christian theologian whose writings influenced medieval thought on knowledge and understanding.

Philosopher known for his argument of 'univocity of being', emphasizing the similarity between God and creatures.

Medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and preeminent logician.

Benedictine monk known for his 'ontological argument' for the existence of God.

Islamic philosopher who influenced medieval epistemology with his works on logic and metaphysics.

An English philosopher and friar who advocated experimental science and empirical method.