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The belief in the reality of universals and their existence even when not instantiated.

The doctrine that universals or general ideas are mere names without any corresponding reality.

A medieval school of philosophy that aimed to reconcile Christian theology with classical philosophy.

A medieval philosopher who developed a synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology.

An early Christian theologian whose writings influenced medieval thought on knowledge and understanding.

The view that humans require divine assistance to gain knowledge.

Islamic philosopher who influenced medieval epistemology with his works on logic and metaphysics.

An English philosopher and friar who advocated experimental science and empirical method.

Medieval Andalusian philosopher who provided extensive commentaries on Aristotle.

Benedictine monk known for his 'ontological argument' for the existence of God.

Philosopher known for his argument of 'univocity of being', emphasizing the similarity between God and creatures.

Philosopher known for Ockham's Razor, advocating simplicity in philosophical and theological explanations.

Medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and preeminent logician.

The doctrine that human beings require divine grace to understand certain truths, especially in theology.