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Monastic Philosophical Writings

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Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite

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Mystical theology and apophaticism, introduction of the celestial hierarchy and ecclesiastical hierarchy.

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Thomas Aquinas

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Synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, contributions to natural theology, and formulation of the Five Ways argument for the existence of God.

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Hildegard of Bingen

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Contributions to mysticism, emphasis on the interconnectivity of the divine, nature, and humanity.

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John Cassian

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The convergence of Eastern monastic traditions with Western thought, writings on the 'Eight Vices', guidance in contemplative prayer.

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The Philokalia

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A collection of texts by various authors focusing on inner prayer, asceticism, and spiritual growth.

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Saint Benedict of Nursia

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The establishment of the Benedictine Rule, emphasis on moderation, obedience, and stability in monastic life.

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The Rule of Saint Francis

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Emphasis on poverty, simplicity, and brotherhood, a nature-centered spirituality, founding of the Franciscan Order.

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Anselm of Canterbury

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Philosophical argument for the existence of God through ontological reasoning, development of satisfaction theory of atonement.

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Saint Augustine of Hippo

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Integration of Christian theology with Platonic thought, development of doctrines of original sin and just war.

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Bernard of Clairvaux

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Advocacy of the Cistercian monastic reform, emphasis on personal piety and devotion to the Virgin Mary.

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The Cloud of Unknowing

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Advocacy of a mystical path towards God through introspection and the abandonment of all external realities.

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Peter Abelard

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Employed logic and dialectics in theology, author of 'Sic et Non', infamous for his affair with Héloïse.

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