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A Jewish philosopher, astronomer, and physician, known for his attempts to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy with Hebraic scripture.

In medieval natural philosophy, the position of celestial bodies was believed to have significant influence on physical and mental health.

A comprehensive text by Persian philosopher Avicenna, integrating medical knowledge with philosophical understanding of the human body.

A branch of theology that seeks to understand the nature of the divine by studying the natural world and its phenomena.

An English philosopher and Franciscan friar who emphasized empirical methods and is sometimes credited as an early advocate of the modern scientific method.

The higher division of the medieval liberal arts curriculum, consisting of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy, viewed as interconnected ways of understanding the natural world.

A framework of the natural world emphasizing four causes: material, formal, efficient, and final. It dominated medieval natural philosophy.

A precursor to the concept of momentum, developed by medieval philosophers to explain projectile motion by an internal force.

A Dominican friar and theologian who integrated Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, significantly influencing medieval natural philosophy.

A German bishop and philosopher who made contributions to natural philosophy, theology, and contributed to the understanding of Aristotelian texts.

A German Benedictine abbess known for her contributions to herbal medicine and natural history, as well as her visionary theology.

An ancient medical concept adopted by medieval natural philosophy, positing that bodily health was determined by balancing four bodily fluids.

An early medieval philosopher whose works on music, astronomy, and arithmetic contributed to the understanding of the quadrivium.

An esoteric aspect of medieval natural philosophy with the goals of transmutation, elixirs of life, and the creation of the Philosopher's Stone.