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Athletic Training Terminology
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RICE
Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. A first-aid treatment for acute injuries to reduce swelling and pain.
DOMS
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. Muscle pain that begins after exercise, typically peaking around 24-72 hours post-workout.
ACL
Anterior Cruciate Ligament. A key ligament that helps stabilize the knee joint, commonly injured in sports.
MCL
Medial Collateral Ligament. The ligament on the inner part of the knee, less commonly injured than the ACL.
PCL
Posterior Cruciate Ligament. Less commonly injured than the ACL, this ligament is located at the back of the knee.
LCL
Lateral Collateral Ligament. The ligament located on the outer side of the knee, involved in rotational stability.
Rotator Cuff
A group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and enable various arm movements.
Meniscus
C-shaped cartilage in the knee that provides cushioning and stability, often torn in twisting injuries.
Epicondylitis
Inflammation of the tendons that attach to the elbow's epicondyle, commonly known as 'tennis elbow' or 'golfer's elbow'.
Shin Splints
Pain along the inner edge of the shinbone, typically caused by overuse or stress on the shinbone and the tissues attaching the shinbone to the muscles surrounding it.
Sprain
An injury to a ligament caused by tearing of the fibers of the ligament, often due to a wrench or twist.
Strain
An injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of overstretching or overuse.
Tendonitis
Inflammation or irritation of a tendon, often caused by overuse or improper technique in sports and repetitive movements.
Concussion
A brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that can change the way your brain normally works.
Fasciitis
Inflammation of the fascia, which is the connective tissue surrounding muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Plantar fasciitis affects the foot.
Anabolic Steroids
Synthetic substances related to male sex hormones that promote muscle growth and are often abused by athletes.
Biomechanics
The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms.
VO2 Max
The maximum amount of oxygen an individual can utilize during intense or maximal exercise, indicating cardiovascular fitness.
Isokinetic Exercise
Exercise involving muscle contractions with resistance varying at a constant rate, utilized in rehabilitation and strength training.
Proprioception
The sense of the relative position of one's own body parts and strength of effort employed in movement.
Cryotherapy
The use of extreme cold in the treatment of injuries of muscles and tendons, intended to reduce pain and inflammation.
Hydrotherapy
The use of water for pain relief and treatment, which can include exercises in a pool to aid recovery from injury or surgery.
Overtraining Syndrome
A physical and emotional condition that occurs when the volume and intensity of an individual's exercise exceeds their recovery capacity.
Ergogenic Aid
A substance, appliance, or procedure that improves athletic performance, which could range from nutrition to equipment and psychological practices.
Ligament
A short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds a joint together.
Muscle Hypertrophy
Enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells, commonly refers to muscle growth in response to exercise.
Electrolyte
Minerals found in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge, important for hydration and muscle function.
Plyometrics
Exercises involving repeated rapid stretching and contracting of muscles, designed to increase strength and speed.
Sports Psychology
The study of how psychological factors affect performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors.
Hyperextension Injury
An injury caused by excessive straightening of a limb at a joint, going beyond the normal range of motion, which can damage soft tissue structures.
Isometric Exercise
Exercise in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction, used for stabilization and strengthening.
Periodization
The systematic planning of athletic training that aims to reach the best possible performance in the most important competition of the year.
Neuromuscular Control
The unconscious trained response of a muscle to a signal regarding dynamic joint stability.
Eccentric Contraction
Muscle contraction that occurs when the muscle lengthens as it maintains tension, often called a 'negative' in weight training.
Static Stretching
A form of stretching exercises in which the individual stretches a muscle (or group of muscles) to its farthest point and holds the position for a period of time.
Dynamic Stretching
A form of active movement that isn't about holding a stretch but rather taking your body through ranges of motion that will better prepare you for your workout or sporting activity.
Kinesiology
The scientific study of human or non-human body movement, including the physiological, biomechanical, and psychological dynamic principles and mechanisms of movement.
Thermotherapy
Treatment by the use of heat, can involve the application of a hot cloth, ultrasound heating, or whirlpool baths.
Anterior Drawer Test
A test used in the assessment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, where the knee is bent 90 degrees and the shin is pulled forward to see if the ligament is intact.
Lachman Test
A clinical test used to diagnose injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. It is performed by placing the knee in a position where the ACL is vulnerable and then applying a force to test its integrity.
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