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The competitive phase is the portion of the macrocycle where the athlete peaks in performance, with an emphasis on specificity and intensity in training.

Base training refers to the initial stage of the preparatory phase, in which the emphasis is on high volumes of low-intensity training to build endurance.

The power phase is designed to convert the strength gained into explosive power, often by reducing volume and increasing the intensity of workouts.

A model of periodization where the training cycle is divided into blocks, each with a narrow concentration on a particular fitness component, allowing for focus and greater adaptations in that area.

The overload principle states that in order to gain improvement in physical fitness, the body must be exposed to stresses that are above the level it is accustomed to.

Periodization is the systematic planning of athletic training, dividing the year into various periods with specific goals and workouts to optimize performance.

Peaking is the process of timing an athlete's training to ensure maximal performance capability for the most important competitions.

The transition phase follows the competition season, providing the athlete with a period of rest and recovery before the next training cycle begins.

This is typically a week-long period that includes a number of workouts with varying intensity, volume, and specificity designed to work synergistically toward a mesocycle's goal.

In the strength phase, the focus shifts to increasing muscle power and strength through resistance training.

The principle that training should be relevant and appropriate to the sport for which the individual is training in order to produce the desired effect.

Tapering involves a reduction in training volume and intensity with the goal of reducing fatigue and maximizing performance at key competitions.

This initial phase of training focuses on preparing the body for more intense loads, through exercises that build a foundation and focus on proper technique.

A macrocycle is the longest of the training periods, often lasting for an entire competition season. It encompasses various mesocycles aimed at optimizing different aspects of an athlete's performance.

A traditional form of periodization that assumes a gradual linear increase in intensity and a decrease in volume across the training cycle.

The preparatory phase is the initial phase of training, focused on building a base level of conditioning to increase the athlete's work capacity.

The principle that suggests altering training variables like intensity, volume, and exercise selection to keep workouts challenging and prevent plateaus.

A periodization model that involves frequent modifications of volume and intensity to stimulate adaptation and potentially prevent plateaus.

The method of continuously increasing the demands on the body to achieve gradual improvement in physical fitness.