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Common Ergogenic Aids

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β-Ecdysterone

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β-Ecdysterone is a naturally occurring steroid that is believed to help in muscle synthesis. Benefits include potential increases in muscle mass and performance. Potential risks are not well-defined but may include hormone imbalance.

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Beta-Alanine

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Beta-Alanine is an amino acid that increases carnosine levels in muscles, which can delay fatigue. Benefits include enhanced endurance and strength. Potential risks include paresthesia (tingling) at high doses.

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Citrulline Malate

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Citrulline Malate may increase nitric oxide production, potentially enhancing blood flow and endurance. Benefits include reduced fatigue and increased aerobic energy production. Potential risks include stomach discomfort and lower blood pressure.

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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

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CoQ10 plays a role in energy production and may have antioxidant effects. Benefits include potential improvements in exercise performance and recovery. Potential risks include mild insomnia and interactions with medications for blood pressure.

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Nitric Oxide Boosters

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Nitric Oxide boosters, such as L-arginine or beetroot juice, can improve blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles. Benefits include enhanced endurance and recovery. Potential risks include hypotension and interactions with certain medications.

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Fish Oil (Omega-3 Fatty Acids)

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Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation and support heart health. Benefits include possible improved recovery and joint health. Potential risks include blood thinning and potential interaction with anticoagulant drugs.

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Fluid Replacement Drinks

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Fluid replacement drinks contain water, electrolytes, and often carbohydrates, and are designed to hydrate and fuel. Benefits include improved hydration and sustained energy. Potential risks are largely minimal but may include overhydration or gastrointestinal distress.

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Banned Substances

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Some ergogenic aids are banned due to unfair advantages or risks to health, including anabolic agents and certain stimulants. Benefits are disallowed competitive edge. Risks include suspension, fines, and potential long-term health consequences.

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Sodium Bicarbonate

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Sodium bicarbonate, or baking soda, can buffer lactic acid in muscles, delaying acid buildup and fatigue. Benefits include improved endurance performance. Potential risks include gastrointestinal distress and alkalosis if overconsumed.

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Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB)

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HMB is a metabolite of leucine that's proposed to help with muscle recovery and decrease muscle breakdown. Benefits include reduced muscle loss and improved recovery. Potential risks include gastrointestinal issues and potential interactions with medications.

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Creatine

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Creatine is a substance that can improve performance by increasing energy availability during high-intensity, short-duration activities. Benefits include enhanced power and muscle mass. Potential risks are weight gain, dehydration, and kidney stress.

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Caffeine

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Caffeine is a stimulant that can improve alertness and reduce perceived exertion. Benefits include improved endurance and reaction time. Potential risks include anxiety, heart palpitations, and sleep disturbances.

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Anabolic Steroids

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Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of testosterone that can increase muscle size and strength. Benefits include improved recovery and muscle mass gains. Potential risks are severe, including hormonal imbalance, liver damage, and increased aggression.

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Protein Supplements

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Protein supplements help in muscle repair and growth post-exercise. Benefits include enhanced recovery and mass gain. Potential risks include kidney overload and digestive issues if taken in excess.

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Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs)

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BCAAs support muscle recovery and can reduce exercise-related muscle damage. Benefits include decreased muscle soreness and improved exercise performance. Potential risks include imbalance of amino acids if overused.

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Antioxidant Supplements

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Antioxidants like vitamins C and E can protect against oxidative stress and exercise-induced muscle damage. Benefits include possible improved recovery. Potential risks include hindering adaptations to training and interactions with certain medications.

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Carnitine

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Carnitine aids in the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria, potentially supporting fat metabolism. Benefits include possibly improved endurance and fat loss. Potential risks are minimal but include stomach upset and diarrhea.

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Erythropoietin (EPO)

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EPO is a hormone that increases red blood cell production, improving oxygen carrying capacity. Benefits include improved endurance. Potential risks include blood thickening, increased risk of stroke, and being banned in competitive sports.

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Rhodiola Rosea

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Rhodiola Rosea is an adaptogenic herb that may help with fatigue and mental focus. Benefits include improved endurance and stress resistance. Potential risks include agitation and allergy.

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Glucosamine

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Glucosamine may support joint health and reduce cartilage breakdown. Benefits often sought include improving joint function and reducing pain. Potential risks include mild gastrointestinal upset and allergies, particularly in those allergic to shellfish.

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