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Horseback Riding Terms

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Dressage

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A form of riding performed in exhibition and competition to display a horse's training and its rider's horsemanship.

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Hand

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A unit of measurement for the height of a horse, equal to 4 inches.

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Canter

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A three-beat gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop.

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Hack

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Riding a horse for light exercise, not in a formal training session or competition.

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Furlong

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A unit of distance commonly used in horse racing, equal to 1/8 of a mile or 220 yards.

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Jump-Off

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A tiebreaking round in a show jumping competition where riders who have gone clear compete over a shortened course to determine the winner.

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Withers

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The highest part of a horse's back, located at the base of the neck above the shoulders.

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Piaffe

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A classical dressage movement where the horse trots in place with a highly collected and cadenced gait.

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Diagonal

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A rider’s term for the correct timing of the rider’s rising and sitting in the saddle during a trot.

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Quarter Crack

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A vertical crack in a horse's hoof, often along the side or 'quarter' of the hoof.

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Snaffle Bit

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A type of bit that works without leverage, having a mouthpiece and rings to attach the reins; it applies direct pressure to the mouth.

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Trot

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A two-beat gait of a horse where diagonally opposite legs move together.

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Mare

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A female horse over the age of four.

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Rein Back

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A maneuver where a rider gently guides a horse to step backwards in a straight line.

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Lame

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A term used to describe a horse that cannot walk normally due to pain or injury in one or more legs.

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Gallop

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The fastest gait of a horse, consisting of a four-beat rhythm.

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Stirrup

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A loop, ring or frame that holds the rider's foot on each side of a saddle.

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Tack

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The collective term for the various accessories worn by a horse, including the saddle and bridle.

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Lead

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Refers to the leg that extends farthest as a horse gallops, important in determining balance, especially around corners.

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Yearling

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A young horse that is one year old, or in the calendar year following its birth.

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