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Horseback Riding Terms
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Dressage
A form of riding performed in exhibition and competition to display a horse's training and its rider's horsemanship.
Hand
A unit of measurement for the height of a horse, equal to 4 inches.
Canter
A three-beat gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop.
Hack
Riding a horse for light exercise, not in a formal training session or competition.
Furlong
A unit of distance commonly used in horse racing, equal to 1/8 of a mile or 220 yards.
Jump-Off
A tiebreaking round in a show jumping competition where riders who have gone clear compete over a shortened course to determine the winner.
Withers
The highest part of a horse's back, located at the base of the neck above the shoulders.
Piaffe
A classical dressage movement where the horse trots in place with a highly collected and cadenced gait.
Diagonal
A rider’s term for the correct timing of the rider’s rising and sitting in the saddle during a trot.
Quarter Crack
A vertical crack in a horse's hoof, often along the side or 'quarter' of the hoof.
Snaffle Bit
A type of bit that works without leverage, having a mouthpiece and rings to attach the reins; it applies direct pressure to the mouth.
Trot
A two-beat gait of a horse where diagonally opposite legs move together.
Mare
A female horse over the age of four.
Rein Back
A maneuver where a rider gently guides a horse to step backwards in a straight line.
Lame
A term used to describe a horse that cannot walk normally due to pain or injury in one or more legs.
Gallop
The fastest gait of a horse, consisting of a four-beat rhythm.
Stirrup
A loop, ring or frame that holds the rider's foot on each side of a saddle.
Tack
The collective term for the various accessories worn by a horse, including the saddle and bridle.
Lead
Refers to the leg that extends farthest as a horse gallops, important in determining balance, especially around corners.
Yearling
A young horse that is one year old, or in the calendar year following its birth.
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