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A shepherd's crook is a long pole with a hook used to pull a victim to safety. Extend the crook to the victim, aim for their midsection or clothing, and pull them gently toward the edge of the pool or shore.

Adopt a defensive position if the victim is panicking and might endanger your safety. Keep a safe distance, remain calm, and try to reassure the victim until they are more manageable.

If spinal injury is suspected, use a backboard to immobilize and safely remove the victim from the water. Ensure neutral alignment of the spine during the rescue process.

If someone is struggling in water, reach out to them with an object or throw a flotation device rather than entering the water yourself. This keeps you safe while helping others.

Before attempting a rescue, assess the consciousness of the victim. If they are unconscious, support the airway and call for help, following the emergency action plan.

When approaching a victim using the front crawl, swim with your head up to maintain visibility and control. Ensure you have a flotation device anchored to your body if possible.

The Heat Escape Lessening Posture (HELP) is designed to protect the body's core warmth if stranded in cold water. Bring knees to chest and hug them, and keep arms to your sides.

Upon reaching a non-breathing victim, provide immediate rescue breathing while still in the water if needed. Keep the victim's head back and chin up to clear the airway, covering their nose and breathe into their mouth.

In the toe-tap technique, tap the victim's foot with your foot to let them know you are there to assist. It’s used primarily for a victim facing away from you or in a submerged rescue.

Always check the depth of the water and for submerged objects before diving. Use a feet-first entry when entering water of unknown depth or if you can't confirm it's safe.

Treading water helps to conserve energy and remain afloat without swimming. Use a consistent, rhythmical flutter or egg-beater kick with your legs and scull with your hands.