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The azimuth is the angular measurement in degrees from a north base direction to the target direction. It is commonly used in navigation to find the direction to travel to a specific point.

An attack point is a prominent feature near the control point used by orienteers to navigate to a control. It reduces the potential of error by providing a strong navigational reference.

A bearing is the direction or path along a great circle from one point to another on the earth's surface. It is often expressed in degrees from North.

A contour line on a map represents an area of equal elevation. Orienteers use contour lines to understand the terrain and identify features such as hills and valleys.

A control point, often marked with a flag in the terrain, is a checkpoint that orienteers must find and visit as part of a course in a competition.

A handrail is a linear feature in the landscape (such as a road, path, or river) that an orienteer can use to guide themselves towards a control point.

In orienteering, a leg is the section of the course between two control points. The strategy to navigate this stretch is crucial for the orienteer's success.

Pace counting is a technique used to measure distance traveled by counting each time the same foot touches the ground. This is often used when visibility or terrain features are limited.

A reentrant is a small valley or dip in the terrain that forms a U-shaped depression. It is often used as a feature to navigate by in orienteering.

The scale of a map indicates the ratio of a distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground. A large scale map shows more detail, and is crucial for orienteers to correctly estimate distances.

A topographic map is a detailed and accurate graphic representation of cultural and natural features on the ground. It includes contour lines to show elevation and is essential for orienteering.