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A bearing is the direction or path along a great circle from one point to another on the earth's surface. It is often expressed in degrees from North.

Pace counting is a technique used to measure distance traveled by counting each time the same foot touches the ground. This is often used when visibility or terrain features are limited.

The azimuth is the angular measurement in degrees from a north base direction to the target direction. It is commonly used in navigation to find the direction to travel to a specific point.

A reentrant is a small valley or dip in the terrain that forms a U-shaped depression. It is often used as a feature to navigate by in orienteering.

An attack point is a prominent feature near the control point used by orienteers to navigate to a control. It reduces the potential of error by providing a strong navigational reference.

A contour line on a map represents an area of equal elevation. Orienteers use contour lines to understand the terrain and identify features such as hills and valleys.

A handrail is a linear feature in the landscape (such as a road, path, or river) that an orienteer can use to guide themselves towards a control point.

A control point, often marked with a flag in the terrain, is a checkpoint that orienteers must find and visit as part of a course in a competition.

The scale of a map indicates the ratio of a distance on the map to the actual distance on the ground. A large scale map shows more detail, and is crucial for orienteers to correctly estimate distances.

A topographic map is a detailed and accurate graphic representation of cultural and natural features on the ground. It includes contour lines to show elevation and is essential for orienteering.

In orienteering, a leg is the section of the course between two control points. The strategy to navigate this stretch is crucial for the orienteer's success.