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Wilderness Medicine Basics

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Dehydration

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1. Rest in a cool, shaded area. 2. Slowly drink water or a sports drink. 3. Eat salty foods to replace lost electrolytes. 4. Continue to rehydrate and avoid strenuous activity. 5. Seek help if symptoms worsen.

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Choking

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1. Ask the person if they are choking and can speak or breathe. 2. If the person cannot breathe, perform back blows and abdominal thrusts. 3. Continue until the object is expelled. 4. Call for emergency medical help if breathing does not return to normal. 5. Perform CPR if necessary.

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Severe Bleeding

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1. Apply direct pressure on the wound. 2. Elevate the affected area above heart level. 3. Apply a bandage or cloth to secure the pressure. 4. If bleeding does not stop, use a tourniquet. 5. Seek medical help immediately.

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Burns

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1. Cool the burn with clean, cool water. 2. Cover the burn with a sterile dressing. 3. Do not apply lotions, butter, or ointments. 4. Treat for shock if necessary. 5. Seek medical attention if the burn is severe.

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Hyperthermia/Heat Stroke

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1. Move the person to a cooler place. 2. Loosen or remove excess clothing. 3. Cool the person with wet towels or a cool bath. 4. Offer sips of water if the person is conscious. 5. Seek immediate medical attention.

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Asthma Attack

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1. Help the person sit comfortably and loosen tight clothing. 2. Assist with using their inhaler or nebulizer. 3. Reassure the person and keep them calm. 4. If breathing does not improve, administer a second dose of medication. 5. Call for emergency medical help if necessary.

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Altitude Sickness

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1. Descend to a lower altitude. 2. Rest and avoid further exertion. 3. Stay hydrated and eat carbohydrate-rich foods. 4. Consider medication if symptoms persist. 5. Seek professional medical help if condition worsens.

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Lightning Strike

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1. Assess the person for responsiveness and breathing. 2. Call for emergency medical help. 3. Begin CPR if the person is unresponsive and not breathing. 4. Treat for shock and monitor vital signs. 5. Avoid touching metal objects and move to a safer place if possible.

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Anaphylactic Shock

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1. Administer an epinephrine auto-injector immediately. 2. Call for emergency medical help. 3. Lay the person down and elevate their legs. 4. Keep the person warm and still. 5. Monitor breathing and prepare to administer CPR if needed.

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Snake Bite

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1. Keep the patient calm and still. 2. Position the bitten area below heart level. 3. Clean the wound but do not flush with water. 4. Apply a splint to reduce movement. 5. Seek medical help immediately and identify the snake if possible.

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Fracture

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1. Immobilize the affected limb. 2. Apply a splint to the area if trained to do so. 3. Avoid moving the patient unnecessarily. 4. Elevate and apply cold packs to reduce swelling. 5. Seek professional medical attention.

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Drowning

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1. Rescue the person without endangering yourself. 2. Begin rescue breathing if necessary. 3. Perform CPR if the person is unresponsive and not breathing. 4. Keep the person warm and still. 5. Seek immediate medical attention.

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Hypothermia

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1. Move the person to a warmer place. 2. Remove any wet clothing. 3. Warm the person with dry clothing, blankets, or body heat. 4. Provide warm, non-alcoholic beverages. 5. Seek medical attention if necessary.

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Insect Sting Allergy

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1. Remove the stinger as soon as possible. 2. Wash the affected area with soap and water. 3. Apply a cold pack to reduce swelling. 4. Monitor for signs of allergic reaction. 5. Administer an epinephrine auto-injector if needed.

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Animal Attack

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1. Protect yourself and evacuate the area. 2. Apply direct pressure on any bleeding wounds. 3. Clean the wound with water and apply antibiotic ointment if available. 4. Seek professional medical care for further treatment. 5. Report the incident to local authorities.

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