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High Altitude Sickness and Prevention
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High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)
Symptoms: Shortness of breath at rest, persistent cough, frothy sputum. Treatment: Immediate descent, oxygen, potentially nifedipine. Prevention: Gradual ascent, avoid overexertion, medications like nifedipine as prophylaxis.
Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
Symptoms: Headache, nausea, dizziness. Treatment: Descent, rest, hydration. Prevention: Gradual acclimatization, ascending slowly.
High Altitude Retinal Hemorrhage (HARH)
Symptoms: Vision changes, retinal bleeding, partial or full vision loss. Treatment: Descent, rest, seeking medical attention. Prevention: Wear UV protection, gradual ascent, acclimatization.
High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)
Symptoms: Confusion, ataxia, altered mental state. Treatment: Immediate descent, dexamethasone, oxygen. Prevention: Recognize AMS early, avoid rapid ascent, carry dexamethasone for emergency treatment.
High Altitude Pharyngitis and Bronchitis
Symptoms: Sore throat, coughing, chest discomfort. Treatment: Humidification of air, descent if severe, cough suppressants. Prevention: Keep warm, avoid overexertion, use of face masks.
Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS)
Symptoms: Excessive red blood cell production, fatigue, dizziness. Treatment: Phlebotomy, descent to lower altitude. Prevention: Gradual ascent, spend long periods at medium altitude before ascending higher.
High Altitude Hypoxia
Symptoms: Fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath. Treatment: Descend to a lower altitude, oxygen therapy. Prevention: Prophylactic medications, pre-acclimatization using altitude tents.
Sunburn at High Altitude
Symptoms: Skin redness, pain, blisters. Treatment: Apply sunscreen, aloe vera; if severe, medical intervention for burns. Prevention: Use high SPF sunscreen, wear protective clothing, reapply sunscreen regularly.
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