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An interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. In movement, force is necessary to start, stop, or alter the direction of motion.

A measure of the force causing an object to rotate. Torque is highly relevant in movements involving twists and turns.

The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force. Lever arms affect the mechanical advantage in movements.

The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity. Momentum is key to understanding collisions and propulsion in sports.

Change in momentum of an object when the object is acted upon by a force for an interval of time. In sports, impulse determines how the momentum of an object changes.

The study of motion without considering its causes. It includes the description of paths, velocities, and accelerations in physical movements.

The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies and the forces acting upon them. Dynamics is fundamental in analyzing athletic performance and technique.

The point in a body or system where the mass is evenly distributed and through which the force of gravity acts. Balancing and movement efficiency often depend on the center of mass.

The internal resistance generated as a material attempts to prevent deformation. Stress is a concept used in the analysis of athletic equipment and injury prevention.

Deformation of materials in response to stress. Strain is considered in the design of athletic gear and in understanding soft tissue injuries.

The ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or deformed. Elasticity is crucial for movement as it affects how forces are stored and released in tissues and equipment.

The tendency of a material to undergo permanent deformation under load. In sports biomechanics, plasticity is related to permanent changes or injuries in tissues after excessive stress.

The ratio of the output force exerted by a mechanism to the input force applied. Mechanical advantage is applied in sports to enhance efficiency and performance.

The process of energy transfer when a force causes an object to move. Work is pertinent in analyzing how much energy is used in a particular movement or activity.

The capacity to perform work. Energy considerations are essential in understanding endurance, performance, and the efficiency of movements.

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Power is especially significant in sports for assessing the performance and intensity of movements.

The rate of change of angular displacement and is a vector quantity, which means it has both a direction and a magnitude. Angular velocity is key to analyzing rotational movements in athletes.

The rate of change of angular velocity, and it represents how quickly a rotating object is speeding up or slowing down. Angular acceleration is crucial in sports that involve changes in spin or twist rates.

The branch of biomechanics that deals with the causes of motion in a straight line. Linear kinetics is fundamental for analyzing running, jumping, and throwing.

The branch of biomechanics concerned with rotational movements and the forces that cause them. Gymnastics, diving, and figure skating require understanding angular kinetics.

The examination of the mechanical aspects of living organisms. Through biomechanical analysis, movements in sports are optimized for performance and injury prevention.

A measure of how much energy of motion is conserved in a collision. It determines how bouncy a surface or object is, influencing how sports equipment is made.

The force exerted by a fluid on an object moving through it, opposing motion. Understanding drag is essential for performance in sports like swimming and cycling.

The force that acts at a right angle to the direction of motion through a fluid. Lift force is key in sports with aerodynamic considerations, such as in golf or skiing jumps.