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Biomechanics Key Terms

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Linear Kinetics

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The branch of biomechanics that deals with the causes of motion in a straight line. Linear kinetics is fundamental for analyzing running, jumping, and throwing.

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Lever Arm

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The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force. Lever arms affect the mechanical advantage in movements.

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Dynamics

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The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies and the forces acting upon them. Dynamics is fundamental in analyzing athletic performance and technique.

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Biomechanical Analysis

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The examination of the mechanical aspects of living organisms. Through biomechanical analysis, movements in sports are optimized for performance and injury prevention.

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Lift Force

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The force that acts at a right angle to the direction of motion through a fluid. Lift force is key in sports with aerodynamic considerations, such as in golf or skiing jumps.

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Momentum

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The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity. Momentum is key to understanding collisions and propulsion in sports.

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Power

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The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Power is especially significant in sports for assessing the performance and intensity of movements.

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Torque

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A measure of the force causing an object to rotate. Torque is highly relevant in movements involving twists and turns.

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Angular Acceleration

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The rate of change of angular velocity, and it represents how quickly a rotating object is speeding up or slowing down. Angular acceleration is crucial in sports that involve changes in spin or twist rates.

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Force

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An interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. In movement, force is necessary to start, stop, or alter the direction of motion.

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Center of Mass

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The point in a body or system where the mass is evenly distributed and through which the force of gravity acts. Balancing and movement efficiency often depend on the center of mass.

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Drag Force

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The force exerted by a fluid on an object moving through it, opposing motion. Understanding drag is essential for performance in sports like swimming and cycling.

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Plasticity

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The tendency of a material to undergo permanent deformation under load. In sports biomechanics, plasticity is related to permanent changes or injuries in tissues after excessive stress.

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Impulse

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Change in momentum of an object when the object is acted upon by a force for an interval of time. In sports, impulse determines how the momentum of an object changes.

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Stress

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The internal resistance generated as a material attempts to prevent deformation. Stress is a concept used in the analysis of athletic equipment and injury prevention.

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Energy

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The capacity to perform work. Energy considerations are essential in understanding endurance, performance, and the efficiency of movements.

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Coefficient of Restitution

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A measure of how much energy of motion is conserved in a collision. It determines how bouncy a surface or object is, influencing how sports equipment is made.

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Strain

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Deformation of materials in response to stress. Strain is considered in the design of athletic gear and in understanding soft tissue injuries.

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Angular Velocity

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The rate of change of angular displacement and is a vector quantity, which means it has both a direction and a magnitude. Angular velocity is key to analyzing rotational movements in athletes.

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Elasticity

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The ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or deformed. Elasticity is crucial for movement as it affects how forces are stored and released in tissues and equipment.

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Angular Kinetics

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The branch of biomechanics concerned with rotational movements and the forces that cause them. Gymnastics, diving, and figure skating require understanding angular kinetics.

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Kinematics

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The study of motion without considering its causes. It includes the description of paths, velocities, and accelerations in physical movements.

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Mechanical Advantage

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The ratio of the output force exerted by a mechanism to the input force applied. Mechanical advantage is applied in sports to enhance efficiency and performance.

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Work

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The process of energy transfer when a force causes an object to move. Work is pertinent in analyzing how much energy is used in a particular movement or activity.

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Equilibrium

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A state where there is no net force acting on a body, leading to no change in velocity. In sports, equilibrium is associated with stability and balance.

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