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Components of Physical Fitness

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Cardiovascular Endurance

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The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles for an extended period of time. Example tests include the Cooper 12-minute run test and the beep test.

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Muscular Endurance

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The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time. Example tests include the push-up test and the sit-up test.

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Muscular Strength

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The maximum force that a muscle or group of muscles can generate at one time. Example tests include the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test for bench press and leg press.

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Body Composition

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Refers to the relative proportion of body fat to lean body mass. Example assessments include Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and skinfold measurements.

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Coordination

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The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently. Example activities include juggling or playing catch, and tests can include the hand-eye coordination test.

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Power

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The ability to exert a maximal force in as short a time as possible, as in accelerating, jumping, and throwing implements. Example tests include the vertical jump test and the medicine ball toss.

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Reaction Time

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The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus. Example tests include the ruler drop test and the sprint start reaction test.

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Flexibility

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The ability of joints to move through their full range of motion. Example tests include the sit-and-reach test and the shoulder flexibility test.

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Agility

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The ability to change the body's position efficiently, requiring the integration of isolated movement skills using a combination of balance, coordination, speed, reflexes, strength, and endurance. Example tests include the shuttle run and the T-test.

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Speed

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The ability to move quickly across the ground or move limbs rapidly to grab or throw. Example tests include the 40-yard dash and the speed ladder drill.

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