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Components of Physical Fitness
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Cardiovascular Endurance
The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles for an extended period of time. Example tests include the Cooper 12-minute run test and the beep test.
Muscular Endurance
The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time. Example tests include the push-up test and the sit-up test.
Muscular Strength
The maximum force that a muscle or group of muscles can generate at one time. Example tests include the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test for bench press and leg press.
Body Composition
Refers to the relative proportion of body fat to lean body mass. Example assessments include Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and skinfold measurements.
Coordination
The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently. Example activities include juggling or playing catch, and tests can include the hand-eye coordination test.
Power
The ability to exert a maximal force in as short a time as possible, as in accelerating, jumping, and throwing implements. Example tests include the vertical jump test and the medicine ball toss.
Reaction Time
The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus. Example tests include the ruler drop test and the sprint start reaction test.
Flexibility
The ability of joints to move through their full range of motion. Example tests include the sit-and-reach test and the shoulder flexibility test.
Agility
The ability to change the body's position efficiently, requiring the integration of isolated movement skills using a combination of balance, coordination, speed, reflexes, strength, and endurance. Example tests include the shuttle run and the T-test.
Speed
The ability to move quickly across the ground or move limbs rapidly to grab or throw. Example tests include the 40-yard dash and the speed ladder drill.
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