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A device used to continuously measure and display the heart rate, aiding in the monitoring of exercise intensity and cardiovascular fitness. Heart rate monitors are used across a variety of sports.

A natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking. It refers to the inward roll of the foot. Pronation is a term often discussed in running and footwear fitting.

Exercise that involves short bursts of high-intensity activity where oxygen demand surpasses oxygen supply. It is related to sports such as weightlifting and sprinting.

A condition characterized by fatigue, decreased performance, persistent muscle soreness, mood disturbances, and a feeling of 'burnout' as a result of excessive physical training. It can affect athletes across all sports.

Any activity that uses large muscle groups, can be maintained continuously, and is rhythmic in nature. It is associated with improved cardiovascular endurance. Commonly seen in running, swimming, and cycling.

A period of mild exercise to bring the body back to a resting state following intense physical activity. This helps in the recovery process and is essential post-exercise practice in any sport.

A form of body conditioning or resistance training using high-intensity aerobics. It targets strength building and muscular endurance through a circuit of stations. This training method is prevalent in gym classes and bootcamp workouts.

Maximal oxygen consumption, refers to the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense or maximal exercise. It is an indicator of cardiovascular fitness and is particularly important in endurance sports like long-distance running.

A type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it lengthens. Commonly referred to as 'negatives' in weight training and is important for building muscular strength.

A group of repetitions performed sequentially without rest. Sets are used as a measure of exercise organization in various physical training routines.

Conduct and attitude considered as befitting participants in sports, involving fairness, respect, and a sense of fellowship with one's competitors. It is a universal concept across all competitive sports.

A training method that blends continuous training with interval training. Fartlek is a Swedish term that means 'speed play'. It is used to improve an athlete's speed and endurance and is common in long-distance running.

Engaging in various types of exercises to improve overall performance. It helps reduce the risk of injury from repetitive strain or overuse. This concept is popular in multisport athletes, like triathletes.

The quality of bending easily without breaking, referring to the range of movement in a joint or series of joints. Flexibility training is an important aspect of fitness programs in sports such as gymnastics and dance.

The systematic planning of athletic or physical training. It involves progressive cycling of various aspects of a training program during a specific period. It is a critical concept in sports training programs for athletes.

The sense of knowing where your body is in space, which is crucial for balance and coordination. Enhanced through exercises such as balance boards, it's key in sports that require precise movements like gymnastics.

The process of maintaining an optimal amount of fluid in the body, important for athletic performance and recovery. Adequate hydration is crucial in endurance sports, especially those performed in hot environments.

Muscle action that occurs when the muscle shortens as it contracts, like in the upward movement of a biceps curl. This type of contraction is fundamental in most strength training exercises.

The intensity of exercise at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood more quickly than it can be removed. It is an important marker for performance in endurance sports like long-distance running and cycling.

Short for repetitions, the number of times an exercise is executed in one set of movements. Reps are a key component in weight and resistance training programs.

A type of training that involves a series of low- to high-intensity workouts interspersed with rest or relief periods. It is found in running and cycling programs designed to improve speed and cardiovascular fitness.

Body Mass Index, a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. It is used in general health assessments.

A type of exercise designed to enhance explosive muscular power, often called 'jump training' or 'plyos'. Plyometrics are used in sports that require explosive movements, such as basketball and volleyball.

Rate of Perceived Exertion Scale, a subjective method for measuring the intensity of exercise, where individuals rate their perception of effort during activity. It is used across various sports to gauge workout intensity.

A form of stretching used in warm-ups, involving movement and muscular effort, to stretch and prepare the body for physical activity. Dynamic stretching is often used in sports like soccer and basketball.

The ability to change the body's position efficiently, requiring the integration of isolated movement skills using a combination of balance, coordination, speed, reflexes, strength, and endurance. Agility is essential in sports like basketball and football.

Stretching muscles while the body is at rest to improve flexibility and cool down after exercise. It involves holding stretches for a period of time and is common in gymnastics and yoga.

The opposite of pronation, an outward rolling of the foot during normal motion. It refers to the natural movement that occurs during push off the ground. Supination is important in identifying running gait and selecting proper footwear.