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Muscle Groups and Functions
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Erector Spinae
Primary functions are extension and lateral flexion of the spine. Example exercises include deadlifts, back extensions, and good mornings.
Quadriceps
Primary function is extension of the knee. Example exercises include squats, leg press, and lunges.
Hamstrings
Primary functions are flexion of the knee and extension of the hip. Example exercises include deadlifts, leg curls, and glute-ham raises.
Triceps
Primary functions are extension of the elbow and shoulder. Example exercises include tricep dips, pushdowns, and overhead extensions.
Forearms
Primary functions are wrist flexion, extension, and forearm supination and pronation. Example exercises include wrist curls, reverse curls, and farmer's walk.
Deltoids
Primary functions are abduction, flexion, and extension of the shoulder. Example exercises include shoulder press, lateral raises, and reverse flyes.
Rectus Abdominis
Primary function is flexion of the lumbar spine. Example exercises include crunches, sit-ups, and leg raises.
Pectorals
Primary functions are horizontal adduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the shoulder. Example exercises include bench press, push-ups, and chest flyes.
Gluteus Maximus
Primary functions are extension, abduction, and external rotation of the hip. Example exercises include squats, lunges, and hip thrusts.
Transversus Abdominis
Primary function is to compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability. Example exercises include planks, stomach vacuums, and pilates scissors.
Rhomboids
Primary functions are retraction and elevation of the scapula. Example exercises include seated rows, face pulls, and scapular pull-ups.
Obliques
Primary functions are lateral flexion and rotation of the spine. Example exercises include side bends, Russian twists, and bicycle crunches.
Rotator Cuff
Primary functions are stabilization and rotation of the shoulder. Example exercises include internal rotation, external rotation, and cuban press.
Hip Adductors
Primary functions are adduction and stabilization of the hip. Example exercises include side lunges, cable hip adduction, and seated hip adduction.
Hip Abductors
Primary functions are abduction of the hip and stabilization of the pelvis. Example exercises include side leg raises, banded walks, and standing hip abductions.
Trapezius
Primary functions are elevation, depression, and rotation of the scapula. Example exercises include shrugs, upright rows, and face pulls.
Sartorius
Primary functions are flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip and flexion of the knee. Example exercises include seated machine hip abduction, lying leg lifts, and the Copenhagen plank.
Biceps
Primary functions are flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm. Example exercises include bicep curls, hammer curls, and chin-ups.
Latissimus Dorsi
Primary functions are adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the shoulder. Example exercises include pull-ups, lat pull-downs, and rows.
Calves
Primary function is plantar flexion of the foot. Example exercises include standing calf raises, seated calf raises, and leg press calf extensions.
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