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Muscle Groups and Functions

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Erector Spinae

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Primary functions are extension and lateral flexion of the spine. Example exercises include deadlifts, back extensions, and good mornings.

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Quadriceps

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Primary function is extension of the knee. Example exercises include squats, leg press, and lunges.

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Hamstrings

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Primary functions are flexion of the knee and extension of the hip. Example exercises include deadlifts, leg curls, and glute-ham raises.

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Triceps

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Primary functions are extension of the elbow and shoulder. Example exercises include tricep dips, pushdowns, and overhead extensions.

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Forearms

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Primary functions are wrist flexion, extension, and forearm supination and pronation. Example exercises include wrist curls, reverse curls, and farmer's walk.

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Deltoids

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Primary functions are abduction, flexion, and extension of the shoulder. Example exercises include shoulder press, lateral raises, and reverse flyes.

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Rectus Abdominis

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Primary function is flexion of the lumbar spine. Example exercises include crunches, sit-ups, and leg raises.

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Pectorals

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Primary functions are horizontal adduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the shoulder. Example exercises include bench press, push-ups, and chest flyes.

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Gluteus Maximus

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Primary functions are extension, abduction, and external rotation of the hip. Example exercises include squats, lunges, and hip thrusts.

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Transversus Abdominis

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Primary function is to compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability. Example exercises include planks, stomach vacuums, and pilates scissors.

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Rhomboids

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Primary functions are retraction and elevation of the scapula. Example exercises include seated rows, face pulls, and scapular pull-ups.

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Obliques

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Primary functions are lateral flexion and rotation of the spine. Example exercises include side bends, Russian twists, and bicycle crunches.

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Rotator Cuff

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Primary functions are stabilization and rotation of the shoulder. Example exercises include internal rotation, external rotation, and cuban press.

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Hip Adductors

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Primary functions are adduction and stabilization of the hip. Example exercises include side lunges, cable hip adduction, and seated hip adduction.

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Hip Abductors

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Primary functions are abduction of the hip and stabilization of the pelvis. Example exercises include side leg raises, banded walks, and standing hip abductions.

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Trapezius

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Primary functions are elevation, depression, and rotation of the scapula. Example exercises include shrugs, upright rows, and face pulls.

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Sartorius

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Primary functions are flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip and flexion of the knee. Example exercises include seated machine hip abduction, lying leg lifts, and the Copenhagen plank.

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Biceps

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Primary functions are flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm. Example exercises include bicep curls, hammer curls, and chin-ups.

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Latissimus Dorsi

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Primary functions are adduction, extension, and internal rotation of the shoulder. Example exercises include pull-ups, lat pull-downs, and rows.

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Calves

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Primary function is plantar flexion of the foot. Example exercises include standing calf raises, seated calf raises, and leg press calf extensions.

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