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Muscle Anatomy 101
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Gracilis
Location: Inner thigh. Function: Adducts the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee joint.
Biceps Brachii
Location: Front of the upper arm. Function: Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.
Teres Major
Location: Underneath the armpit, at the lower edge of the scapula. Function: Medially rotates and adducts the arm.
Soleus
Location: Calf, underneath the gastrocnemius. Function: Plantar flexes the foot.
Internal Oblique
Location: Side of the abdomen, beneath the external oblique. Function: Compresses the abdominal wall, rotates and flexes the trunk.
Latissimus Dorsi
Location: Lower back. Function: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.
Hamstrings
Location: Back of the thigh. Function: Flexes the knee joint and extends the hip.
Adductor Group
Location: Inner thigh. Function: Adducts the thigh.
Sternocleidomastoid
Location: Neck. Function: Rotates the head to the opposite side and flexes the neck.
Serratus Anterior
Location: Side of the chest, under the armpit. Function: Protracts the scapula.
Obliques
Location: Side of the abdomen. Function: Rotate and laterally flex the vertebral column.
Tibialis Anterior
Location: Front of the shin. Function: Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.
Sartorius
Location: Front of the thigh. Function: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip, flexes the knee.
Deltoid
Location: Shoulder. Function: Abducts, flexes, and rotates the arm.
Rectus Abdominis
Location: Front of the abdomen. Function: Flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal contents.
Supraspinatus
Location: Top of the shoulder, above the scapular spine. Function: Abducts the arm.
Gluteus Maximus
Location: Buttock. Function: Extends and laterally rotates the hip joint.
Teres Minor
Location: Back of the shoulder, near the edge of the scapula. Function: Laterally rotates the arm.
Subscapularis
Location: Front of the scapula. Function: Medially rotates the arm.
Triceps Brachii
Location: Back of the upper arm. Function: Extends the elbow.
Quadriceps
Location: Front of the thigh. Function: Extends the knee joint.
Trapezius
Location: Upper back and neck. Function: Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula.
Infraspinatus
Location: Back of the shoulder, on the scapula below the spine. Function: Laterally rotates the shoulder.
Erector Spinae
Location: Running along the spine. Function: Extends and laterally flexes the spine.
Rhomboids
Location: Upper back, between the scapula and the spine. Function: Retracts the scapula.
External Oblique
Location: Side of the abdomen. Function: Compresses the abdominal wall, rotates trunk, flexes spine.
Transversus Abdominis
Location: Side and front of the abdomen. Function: Compresses the abdominal contents.
Pectoralis Minor
Location: Beneath the pectoralis major, chest. Function: Stabilizes the scapula.
Pectoralis Major
Location: Chest. Function: Adducts and medially rotates the arm.
Gastrocnemius
Location: Calf. Function: Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint and flexes the leg at the knee joint.
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