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Muscle Anatomy 101

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Gracilis

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Location: Inner thigh. Function: Adducts the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee joint.

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Biceps Brachii

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Location: Front of the upper arm. Function: Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

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Teres Major

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Location: Underneath the armpit, at the lower edge of the scapula. Function: Medially rotates and adducts the arm.

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Soleus

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Location: Calf, underneath the gastrocnemius. Function: Plantar flexes the foot.

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Internal Oblique

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Location: Side of the abdomen, beneath the external oblique. Function: Compresses the abdominal wall, rotates and flexes the trunk.

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Latissimus Dorsi

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Location: Lower back. Function: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

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Hamstrings

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Location: Back of the thigh. Function: Flexes the knee joint and extends the hip.

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Adductor Group

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Location: Inner thigh. Function: Adducts the thigh.

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Sternocleidomastoid

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Location: Neck. Function: Rotates the head to the opposite side and flexes the neck.

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Serratus Anterior

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Location: Side of the chest, under the armpit. Function: Protracts the scapula.

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Obliques

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Location: Side of the abdomen. Function: Rotate and laterally flex the vertebral column.

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Tibialis Anterior

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Location: Front of the shin. Function: Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

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Sartorius

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Location: Front of the thigh. Function: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the hip, flexes the knee.

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Deltoid

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Location: Shoulder. Function: Abducts, flexes, and rotates the arm.

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Rectus Abdominis

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Location: Front of the abdomen. Function: Flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal contents.

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Supraspinatus

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Location: Top of the shoulder, above the scapular spine. Function: Abducts the arm.

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Gluteus Maximus

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Location: Buttock. Function: Extends and laterally rotates the hip joint.

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Teres Minor

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Location: Back of the shoulder, near the edge of the scapula. Function: Laterally rotates the arm.

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Subscapularis

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Location: Front of the scapula. Function: Medially rotates the arm.

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Triceps Brachii

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Location: Back of the upper arm. Function: Extends the elbow.

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Quadriceps

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Location: Front of the thigh. Function: Extends the knee joint.

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Trapezius

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Location: Upper back and neck. Function: Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula.

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Infraspinatus

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Location: Back of the shoulder, on the scapula below the spine. Function: Laterally rotates the shoulder.

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Erector Spinae

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Location: Running along the spine. Function: Extends and laterally flexes the spine.

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Rhomboids

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Location: Upper back, between the scapula and the spine. Function: Retracts the scapula.

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External Oblique

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Location: Side of the abdomen. Function: Compresses the abdominal wall, rotates trunk, flexes spine.

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Transversus Abdominis

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Location: Side and front of the abdomen. Function: Compresses the abdominal contents.

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Pectoralis Minor

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Location: Beneath the pectoralis major, chest. Function: Stabilizes the scapula.

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Pectoralis Major

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Location: Chest. Function: Adducts and medially rotates the arm.

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Gastrocnemius

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Location: Calf. Function: Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint and flexes the leg at the knee joint.

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