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Aging and Cognitive Functions

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Processing Speed

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Generally, processing speed declines with age, affecting the ability to perform tasks quickly and smoothly.

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Attention

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Sustained and divided attention abilities can decrease with age, which may lead to difficulties in focusing on tasks or processing simultaneous information.

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Memory

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Age-related changes are most noticeable in working memory and episodic memory, with short-term recall being more affected than long-term memories.

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Executive Function

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Complex tasks requiring planning, problem-solving, and decision-making can become more challenging due to age-related decline in executive function.

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Language Comprehension

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Vocabulary skills often remain stable or even improve, but language comprehension, particularly in complex or fast-paced conversations, may decline.

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Perceptual Speed

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The ability to quickly and accurately process visual information may decline, impacting tasks such as driving or identifying objects quickly.

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Reasoning and Problem Solving

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With age, some may experience a decline in the ability to reason logically and solve new problems efficiently.

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Visuospatial Skills

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Ability to judge distances, understand spatial relationships, and navigate environments can degrade, particularly affecting driving and mobility.

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Learning

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The capacity to learn new information or skills declines with age, often due to changes in working memory and processing speed.

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Inhibitory Control

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The ability to ignore irrelevant stimuli and focus on relevant information may weaken with age, leading to potential difficulties in goal-directed behaviors.

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