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Common Psychological Disorders in the Elderly
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Major Depressive Disorder
Symptoms: Persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, feelings of hopelessness. Treatment Options: Antidepressants, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes. Prevalence in Elderly: Approximately 2-6% in the elderly population.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms: Excessive worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating. Treatment Options: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, stress management techniques. Prevalence in Elderly: Estimates vary widely from 1.2% to 15% in older adults.
Alzheimer's Disease
Symptoms: Memory loss, difficulties with language, disorientation. Treatment Options: Cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, supportive care. Prevalence in Elderly: Increases with age, affecting about 32% of people over 85.
Vascular Dementia
Symptoms: Impaired judgment, loss of planning and organizational skills, memory problems. Treatment Options: Controlling cardiovascular risk factors, rehabilitation, cognitive training. Prevalence in Elderly: Around 1.5% in those over 70, higher with advancing age.
Delirium
Symptoms: Sudden confusion, disorientation, shifts in attention. Treatment Options: Treating underlying cause, antipsychotics, supportive care. Prevalence in Elderly: Up to 14% of elderly hospitalized patients, higher in those with serious illness.
Schizophrenia
Symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech. Treatment Options: Antipsychotics, psychosocial support, cognitive behavioral therapy. Prevalence in Elderly: Less common in elderly, prevalence of late-onset schizophrenia is about 0.1-0.5%.
Bipolar Disorder
Symptoms: Mood swings between depression and mania, impulsivity, risky behaviors. Treatment Options: Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, psychotherapy. Prevalence in Elderly: Approximately 0.1-0.5% in those over 65.
Panic Disorder
Symptoms: Recurrent panic attacks, persistent concern about having more attacks, avoidance behavior. Treatment Options: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, SSRIs, relaxation techniques. Prevalence in Elderly: Lower prevalence; estimates around 1-2%.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Symptoms: Compulsive behaviors, obsessive thoughts, significant distress or impairment. Treatment Options: Exposure and response prevention, SSRIs, psychotherapy. Prevalence in Elderly: Estimated between 1% and 3% in older adults.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms: Flashbacks, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, hypervigilance. Treatment Options: Trauma-focused psychotherapies, SSRIs, support groups. Prevalence in Elderly: Prevalence may range from 1 to 4%, but historical underdiagnoses may affect accuracy.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms: Intense fear of social situations, avoidance of social interactions, physical symptoms of anxiety. Treatment Options: Psychotherapy, SSRIs, social skills training. Prevalence in Elderly: Comparative rarity in the elderly, approximately 2-5%.
Hoarding Disorder
Symptoms: Difficulty discarding items, cluttered living spaces, distress when parting with objects. Treatment Options: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, home visits by professionals. Prevalence in Elderly: Estimates vary, but can be up to 6% in the elderly.
Parkinson's Disease Psychosis
Symptoms: Visual hallucinations, paranoia, delusions. Treatment Options: Cholinesterase inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, adjustment of Parkinson's medication. Prevalence in Elderly: Affects about 50% of individuals with Parkinson's disease at some point.
Age-Related Cognitive Decline
Symptoms: Mild memory loss, decreased processing speed, difficulty learning new things. Treatment Options: Mental stimulation, physical exercise, proper nutrition. Prevalence in Elderly: Very common, but severity and progression vary.
Sleep Disorders (Insomnia)
Symptoms: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, daytime fatigue, mood disturbances. Treatment Options: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, sleep hygiene education, medication. Prevalence in Elderly: Around 40-70% experience sleep disturbances.
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