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Common Psychological Disorders in the Elderly

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Major Depressive Disorder

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Symptoms: Persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, feelings of hopelessness. Treatment Options: Antidepressants, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes. Prevalence in Elderly: Approximately 2-6% in the elderly population.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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Symptoms: Excessive worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating. Treatment Options: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication, stress management techniques. Prevalence in Elderly: Estimates vary widely from 1.2% to 15% in older adults.

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Alzheimer's Disease

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Symptoms: Memory loss, difficulties with language, disorientation. Treatment Options: Cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, supportive care. Prevalence in Elderly: Increases with age, affecting about 32% of people over 85.

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Vascular Dementia

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Symptoms: Impaired judgment, loss of planning and organizational skills, memory problems. Treatment Options: Controlling cardiovascular risk factors, rehabilitation, cognitive training. Prevalence in Elderly: Around 1.5% in those over 70, higher with advancing age.

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Delirium

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Symptoms: Sudden confusion, disorientation, shifts in attention. Treatment Options: Treating underlying cause, antipsychotics, supportive care. Prevalence in Elderly: Up to 14% of elderly hospitalized patients, higher in those with serious illness.

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Schizophrenia

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Symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech. Treatment Options: Antipsychotics, psychosocial support, cognitive behavioral therapy. Prevalence in Elderly: Less common in elderly, prevalence of late-onset schizophrenia is about 0.1-0.5%.

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Bipolar Disorder

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Symptoms: Mood swings between depression and mania, impulsivity, risky behaviors. Treatment Options: Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, psychotherapy. Prevalence in Elderly: Approximately 0.1-0.5% in those over 65.

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Panic Disorder

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Symptoms: Recurrent panic attacks, persistent concern about having more attacks, avoidance behavior. Treatment Options: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, SSRIs, relaxation techniques. Prevalence in Elderly: Lower prevalence; estimates around 1-2%.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Symptoms: Compulsive behaviors, obsessive thoughts, significant distress or impairment. Treatment Options: Exposure and response prevention, SSRIs, psychotherapy. Prevalence in Elderly: Estimated between 1% and 3% in older adults.

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Symptoms: Flashbacks, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, hypervigilance. Treatment Options: Trauma-focused psychotherapies, SSRIs, support groups. Prevalence in Elderly: Prevalence may range from 1 to 4%, but historical underdiagnoses may affect accuracy.

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Social Anxiety Disorder

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Symptoms: Intense fear of social situations, avoidance of social interactions, physical symptoms of anxiety. Treatment Options: Psychotherapy, SSRIs, social skills training. Prevalence in Elderly: Comparative rarity in the elderly, approximately 2-5%.

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Hoarding Disorder

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Symptoms: Difficulty discarding items, cluttered living spaces, distress when parting with objects. Treatment Options: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, home visits by professionals. Prevalence in Elderly: Estimates vary, but can be up to 6% in the elderly.

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Parkinson's Disease Psychosis

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Symptoms: Visual hallucinations, paranoia, delusions. Treatment Options: Cholinesterase inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, adjustment of Parkinson's medication. Prevalence in Elderly: Affects about 50% of individuals with Parkinson's disease at some point.

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Age-Related Cognitive Decline

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Symptoms: Mild memory loss, decreased processing speed, difficulty learning new things. Treatment Options: Mental stimulation, physical exercise, proper nutrition. Prevalence in Elderly: Very common, but severity and progression vary.

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Sleep Disorders (Insomnia)

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Symptoms: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, daytime fatigue, mood disturbances. Treatment Options: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, sleep hygiene education, medication. Prevalence in Elderly: Around 40-70% experience sleep disturbances.

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