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Geriatric Syndromes
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Delirium
Clinical Features: Sudden confusion, emotional disruption, perceptual disturbances. Management: Treat underlying cause, provide supportive care, prevent complications.
Dementia
Clinical Features: Gradual cognitive decline, memory loss, impaired judgement. Management: Symptomatic treatment, AChE inhibitors, caregiver support.
Depression in the Elderly
Clinical Features: Persistent sadness, anhedonia, changes in sleep/appetite. Management: Psychotherapy, antidepressants, lifestyle modifications.
Falls
Clinical Features: Frequent falling or balance issues. Management: Address risk factors, physical therapy, home safety modifications.
Urinary Incontinence
Clinical Features: Loss of bladder control, urinary urgency/frequency. Management: Bladder training, pelvic floor exercises, medication.
Pressure Ulcers
Clinical Features: Skin breakdown, especially over bony areas. Management: Regular repositioning, wound care, nutritional support.
Sarcopenia
Clinical Features: Loss of muscle mass and strength. Management: Resistance exercise, protein supplementation, physical therapy.
Polypharmacy
Clinical Features: Use of multiple medications, potential for drug interactions. Management: Regular medication reviews, deprescribing where appropriate, patient education.
Sleep Disorders
Clinical Features: Insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-disordered breathing. Management: Sleep hygiene education, CPAP for sleep apnea, medication review.
Malnutrition
Clinical Features: Weight loss, muscle wasting, vitamin deficiencies. Management: Nutritional assessment, oral supplements, enteral/parenteral nutrition if necessary.
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