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The primary risk factor for dementia is age, with the incidence and prevalence of the disease increasing significantly as people get older.

Genetic predispositions can contribute to the risk of developing certain types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, through inherited genetic mutations.

Poor cardiovascular health, including hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity, can increase the risk of vascular dementia by affecting blood flow to the brain.

Lower levels of education and cognitive engagement throughout life are associated with an increased risk of dementia, suggesting that mental stimulation may have a protective effect.

Traumatic brain injuries, particularly when repeated or severe, can increase the risk of developing certain types of dementia, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Unhealthy lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to the development of dementia.

There is a strong correlation between depression and an increased risk of dementia, though the exact nature of this relationship is complex and not fully understood.

Social isolation and loneliness are associated with a higher risk of dementia, possibly due to a lack of cognitive stimulation and stress-related factors.

Poor sleep patterns and sleep-related disorders like sleep apnea can impact cognitive health, potentially increasing the risk of dementia.