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Drug Effects on the Nervous System
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Opioids
Bind to opioid receptors in the brain, causing analgesia and euphoria, while depressing the central nervous system.
Benzodiazepines
Enhance GABA neurotransmission, resulting in sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects.
Amphetamines
Increase the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to heightened alertness, energy, and concentration.
Antidepressants (SSRIs)
Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, resulting in increased serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft.
Antipsychotics
Block dopamine receptors, reducing the symptoms of psychosis and schizophrenia.
Alcohol
Depresses the central nervous system by enhancing GABA transmission and inhibiting glutamate receptors.
Nicotine
Stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, enhancing dopamine release and creating stimulating and rewarding effects.
Cocaine
Blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, resulting in increased concentrations in the synaptic cleft and intense euphoria.
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Increases the release of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, resulting in euphoria, increased energy, and enhanced sensory perception.
Caffeine
Blocks adenosine receptors leading to increased neuronal firing and the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine.
Hallucinogens (LSD)
Primarily agonizes serotonin receptors, which alters perception, mood, and cognitive processes.
Cannabinoids
Activate CB1 and CB2 receptors, affecting neurotransmitter release and resulting in altered mood, perception, and pain sensation.
Barbiturates
Enhance GABA neurotransmission and inhibit excitatory neurotransmission resulting in sedative and hypnotic effects.
Methamphetamine
Increases release and blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, causing intense euphoria, increased energy, and alertness.
Inhalants
Diverse group of substances that depress the central nervous system, can cause euphoria, dizziness, and lowered inhibition.
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