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Motor System Pathways

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Corticospinal Tract

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Origin: Primary motor cortex, Target muscles: Limb and trunk muscles, Function: Voluntary motor control

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Corticobulbar Tract

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Origin: Primary motor cortex, Target muscles: Muscles of the face, head, and neck, Function: Control of voluntary facial expressions and movements, swallowing, and speech

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Rubrospinal Tract

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Origin: Red nucleus in the midbrain, Target muscles: Limb flexor muscles, Function: Assists in motor coordination and control

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Vestibulospinal Tract

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Origin: Vestibular nuclei in the brainstem, Target muscles: Limb extensor muscles and muscles of the trunk, Function: Maintains posture and balance

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Reticulospinal Tract

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Origin: Reticular formation in the brainstem, Target muscles: Muscles of the trunk and proximal limbs, Function: Modulates voluntary and reflexive motor activity

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Tectospinal Tract

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Origin: Superior colliculus of the midbrain, Target muscles: Neck muscles, Function: Mediates reflexive head movements in response to visual stimuli

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Anterior Corticospinal Tract

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Origin: Primary motor cortex, Target muscles: Trunk and proximal limb muscles, Function: Control of axial and proximal limb muscles

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Olivocerebellar Tract

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Origin: Inferior olivary nucleus, Target muscles: Not directly linked to specific muscles, Function: Modulation of cerebellar processing for coordination and learning of movements

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Lateral Corticospinal Tract

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Origin: Primary motor cortex, Target muscles: Muscles responsible for fine movements, particularly in the hands and fingers, Function: Fine motor control of the distal limbs

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Spinothalamic Tract

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Origin: Spinal cord, Target muscles: Not a direct motor pathway but involved in alerting and directing attention to sensory stimuli, Function: Pain and temperature sensation transmission

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