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Characteristics include light sleep, slow eye movement, and reduced muscle activity. Significance lies in the transition between wakefulness and sleep, allowing the body to slow down.

Characterized by the cessation of eye movements, decreased heart rate and body temperature, and the occurrence of sleep spindles and K complexes. Serves as the bridge to deeper sleep stages and represents the largest portion of an adult's sleep cycle.

Known as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep, featuring delta waves, low frequency, and high amplitude brain activity. Important for restorative functions, memory consolidation, and hormonal regulation.

Characterized by rapid eye movement, dreaming, paralysis of voluntary muscles, and brain activity similar to wakefulness. Critical for cognitive functions such as memory and learning, and emotional regulation.