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Neurotransmitters and their Functions
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Acetylcholine (ACh)
Involved in muscle activation, memory formation, and learning
Dopamine
Regulates mood, reward, and motor control
Serotonin
Affects mood, appetite, sleep, and arousal
Norepinephrine
Involved in attention, responses to stress, and arousal
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)
Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
Glutamate
Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
Endorphins
Modulate pain and are associated with the 'runner's high'
Histamine
Involved in wakefulness, appetite control, and learning
Oxytocin
Associated with bonding, social behaviors, and childbirth
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Involved in energy mobilization and the 'fight or flight' response
Substance P
A neuropeptide involved in the transmission of pain
Anandamide
Plays a role in pain, appetite, memory, and motivation
Melatonin
Regulates sleep-wake cycles and seasonal biological rhythms
Adenosine
Involved in sleep regulation and vasodilation
Nitric Oxide (NO)
A gaseous neurotransmitter involved in blood vessel dilation and neural communication
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