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Neurotransmitters and their Functions

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Acetylcholine (ACh)

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Involved in muscle activation, memory formation, and learning

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Dopamine

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Regulates mood, reward, and motor control

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Serotonin

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Affects mood, appetite, sleep, and arousal

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Norepinephrine

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Involved in attention, responses to stress, and arousal

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Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

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Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

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Glutamate

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Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

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Endorphins

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Modulate pain and are associated with the 'runner's high'

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Histamine

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Involved in wakefulness, appetite control, and learning

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Oxytocin

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Associated with bonding, social behaviors, and childbirth

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Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

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Involved in energy mobilization and the 'fight or flight' response

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Substance P

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A neuropeptide involved in the transmission of pain

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Anandamide

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Plays a role in pain, appetite, memory, and motivation

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Melatonin

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Regulates sleep-wake cycles and seasonal biological rhythms

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Adenosine

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Involved in sleep regulation and vasodilation

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Nitric Oxide (NO)

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A gaseous neurotransmitter involved in blood vessel dilation and neural communication

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