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Propounded by William James and Carl Lange. Suggests that emotions are the result of physiological reactions to events.

Developed by Walter Cannon and Philip Bard. Posits that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently.

Also known as the Two-Factor Theory of emotion, by Stanley Schachter and Jerome E. Singer, it states that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive label.

Proposed by Richard Lazarus, the theory holds that a cognitive appraisal is the first step in an emotional response, and all other aspects of emotion, including physiological arousal, stem from it.

The Facial Feedback Theory, supported by psychologists like Paul Ekman, suggests that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify.

Developed by Paul Ekman, this theory proposes that there are a number of basic emotions (such as happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise) with associated universal facial expressions.

Proposed by Barbara Fredrickson, this theory states that positive emotions broaden one's awareness and encourage novel, varied, and exploratory thoughts and actions.