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The degree to which test items are representative of the content and construct they are intended to assess; often determined by expert judgment.

A family of mathematical models that explains the relationship between latent traits (e.g., abilities, attitudes) and their manifestations in test items.

An abstract quality, attribute, or characteristic that is theoretically determined and not directly observable; psychometric tests aim to measure constructs.

A set of items combined to produce a single numerical score, typically used to measure a construct or variable in psychometrics.

A coefficient of reliability or internal consistency of a psychometric test; a higher alpha suggests that the items in a test measure the same construct.

A type of test in which individuals' scores are compared to a pre-established distribution of scores (norms) from a representative sample of respondents.

The level of agreement or consistency between different raters or assessors who evaluate the same performance or responses.

A measure of the stability of test scores upon repeated administration of the same test after a period of time.

A non-parametric measure of the strength and direction of the association between two ranked variables.

The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure; an indicator of how accurately a test or tool assesses the construct of interest.

A test that measures an individual's performance against a specific standard or criterion rather than comparing scores to those of other individuals.

A standardized assessment tool used to measure individuals' mental capabilities and behavioral style, designed based on psychometric principles.

The consistency of a measure; an index of how stable or replicable test scores or other assessment outcomes are over time or across different raters.

A process that ensures that a test is administered and scored in a consistent or 'standard' manner; it allows for comparisons across different individuals or groups.