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Categories

Psychology

Psychological Assessment

Achievement and Aptitude Tests

Attention Models

Behavioral Therapy Techniques

Emotion Theories

Experimental Design Terms

Hierarchy of Needs

Heuristic Methods

Humanistic Psychology

Major Depressive Disorder

Memory Encoding Strategies

Motivational Theories

Operant Conditioning Types

Projective Tests

Psychological Assessment Inventory

Psychometrics Fundamentals

Psychosexual Stages

Types of Intelligence

Sensation vs. Perception

Stages of Development (Erikson)

Operant Conditioning Types

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Positive Reinforcement

Increasing the probability of a behavior by adding a desirable stimulus after the behavior. Example: Giving a dog a treat for sitting on command.

Negative Reinforcement

Increasing the probability of a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus after the behavior. Example: Turning off a loud alarm when getting up at the right time, which reinforces waking up early.

Positive Punishment

Decreasing the probability of a behavior by adding an aversive stimulus after the behavior. Example: Getting a speeding ticket for driving too fast, which decreases the likelihood of speeding in the future.

Negative Punishment

Decreasing the probability of a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus after the behavior. Example: Taking away a teenager's video game privileges for coming home past curfew, reducing the chances of late returns.

Continuous Reinforcement

Reinforcing the desired behavior every single time it occurs. Example: Giving a child a chocolate every time they finish their homework on the same day.

Partial Reinforcement

Reinforcing the desired behavior only part of the time. This includes fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, and variable-interval schedules. Example: Giving a sales commission after every third sale (fixed-ratio schedule).

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