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Purpose: To investigate the psychological effects of perceived power, focusing on the struggle between prisoners and prison officers. Significant findings: The experiment demonstrated the power of social roles, authority, and situational variables on behavior, as participants quickly embodied their roles beyond expectations.

Purpose: To measure the willingness of participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience. Significant findings: Many participants were willing to administer increasingly painful electric shocks to a stranger, demonstrating the power of authority and situational factors in shaping behavior.

Purpose: To investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. Significant findings: A significant number of participants conformed to the incorrect majority on critical trials, highlighting the strong influence of the need for conformity in social settings.

Purpose: To observe a child's attachment to their caregiver, and to categorize the nature of attachment behaviors. Significant findings: Identification of different attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and ambivalent—which correlated with later childhood and adult behavior patterns.

Purpose: To explore the influence of observed behavior on children's aggression through imitation. Significant findings: Children who observed aggressive behavior were more likely to demonstrate aggressive acts, suggesting that behavior can be learned through the observation of models.

Purpose: To study classical conditioning by associating an unconditioned stimulus (food) with a conditioned stimulus (bell). Significant findings: Demonstrated that reflexes could be conditioned responses, forming the basis for the theory of classical conditioning.

Purpose: To investigate delayed gratification and future success. Significant findings: Children who delayed gratification longer tended to have better life outcomes, as measured by various metrics such as educational attainment and BMI.

Purpose: To demonstrate classical conditioning in humans by inducing a phobia in an infant known as Little Albert. Significant findings: The experiment showed that emotional responses to various stimuli could be conditioned in humans.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of social deprivation and isolation on the development of rhesus monkeys, particularly regarding maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation. Significant findings: Motherless monkeys showed developmental deficits and emphasized the importance of caregiving and companionship in social and cognitive development.

Purpose: To explore why people do not always help those in an emergency situation, especially when others are present. Significant findings: The presence of others reduces an individual's likelihood of helping, a phenomenon known as the bystander effect.

Purpose: To examine how people attempt to maintain their self-concept in the face of contradictory beliefs or behaviors. Significant findings: When subjects performed a boring task and were paid to say it was interesting, those paid less experienced more cognitive dissonance and often altered their perception to resolve it.