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Major Counseling Theories
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Behaviorism
Focused on observable behavior, reinforcement, and conditioning. Useful for behavior modification in school settings, such as implementing reward systems.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Combines cognitive and behavioral approaches. Addresses dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs to change behavior. CBT is used for problem-solving and skill-building with students.
Humanistic Theory
Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization. In schools, it promotes a student-centered approach and the development of a supportive relationship between counselor and student.
Psychoanalytic Theory
Focuses on unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts. Though less common in schools, it can inform understanding of student behavior and emotional issues.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)
Centers on finding solutions in the present time and exploring hope for the future. Common in schools due to its brief and goal-oriented nature.
Social Learning Theory
Emphasizes learning through observation and imitation. Utilized in schools to understand peer influence and to model positive behaviors.
Eclectic Approach
Involves integrating multiple theories and techniques to fit the needs of individual students. Common in schools where psychologists might employ different strategies for different situations.
Narrative Therapy
Centers on the stories people construct about their lives. In schools, can help students reframe their problems and see them in a different, more empowering way.
Gestalt Therapy
Focuses on the here and now, and the development of self-awareness. Can be used in schools to help students gain insight into their behaviors and emotions.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Focuses on identifying and altering irrational beliefs. Can be employed in school settings to help students challenge and change their thought patterns to improve emotional well-being.
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