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Fridtjof Nansen was instrumental in studying the Arctic Ocean. He intentionally let his ship, the Fram, become trapped in the ice to study the drift of the ocean currents.

Rachel Carson's book 'The Sea Around Us' won the National Book Award. As a marine biologist, her work contributed significantly to the environmental movement with her focus on oceanography and conservation.

While Darwin is best known for his theory of evolution, he made key contributions in oceanography by studying coral reefs and atolls during the voyage of the HMS Beagle, which led to important insights into the formation of coral reefs.

Known as the 'Father of Modern Oceanography', Matthew Maury made significant contributions by charting wind and ocean currents. He wrote 'The Physical Geography of the Sea', the first textbook on modern oceanography.

Victor Hensen is known as the father of biological oceanography for his work in planktology. He coined the term 'plankton' and conducted extensive research into the organisms that drift in ocean currents.

Jacques Cousteau was a pioneering marine explorer who co-developed the Aqua-Lung, produced numerous documentaries on marine life, and helped raise awareness about ocean conservation.