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Cause: Typically caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, or meteorite impacts. Characteristics: Extremely long wavelength, very high speed and energy, capable of crossing entire ocean basins and causing widespread destruction when they come ashore.

Cause: Constructive interference of swells, varying water currents, or abrupt changes in wind direction. Characteristics: Unusually large and unexpected offshore waves, presenting danger to ships.

Cause: Typically caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. Characteristics: Long wavelengths, extremely high energy, capable of crossing entire ocean basins.

Cause: Typically created by the reflection of an ocean wave off the equator. Characteristics: Travels along the coastlines and equator, can influence El Niño events, warm water propagates eastward.

Cause: Wind stress contacting surface water, tension in the water's surface. Characteristics: Very small wavelengths, usually first waves to form when the wind blows over smooth water.

Cause: Atmospheric pressure changes, strong winds, or seismic activity. Characteristics: Standing waves in enclosed or partially enclosed bodies of water, lengthy period of oscillation.

Cause: Interaction of Earth’s rotation, moon, and sun's gravitational pull. Characteristics: Regular and predictable, long wavelengths, can cause high tides when reaching shorelines.