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Traditional healing systems encompass a variety of health practices, beliefs, and therapies that are rooted in indigenous cultural knowledge and practices. They are important in global health for their role in primary healthcare, particularly in regions with limited access to conventional medicine.

Medical pluralism refers to the coexistence of multiple health systems and practices within a single cultural context. It is relevant in global health as it highlights how different populations might choose or combine healing practices, leading to a more holistic and culturally sensitive approach to health care.

Ethnomedicine is the study of traditional medical practices among specific cultural groups. Its importance in global health lies in preserving indigenous knowledge and applying it to enhance culturally relevant and appropriate healthcare.

Nosology is the classification of diseases based on their symptoms and conditions. In global health, nosology influences how diseases are diagnosed, treated, and perceived across different cultures and healthcare systems.

Disease ecology explores how environmental and ecological factors contribute to the patterns and spread of diseases. Its relevance in global health includes understanding the impact of climate change on health and the emergence of new infectious diseases.

A syndemic is a set of linked health problems involving two or more afflictions, interacting synergistically and contributing to excess burden of disease in a population. In global health, it emphasizes the importance of considering multiple, interacting health issues rather than isolated diseases.

Cultural iatrogenesis is the unintended destruction of traditional ways of dealing with and making sense of illness, often as a result of the imposition of western biomedical models. Recognizing cultural iatrogenesis is critical in global health to avoid undermining local health practices and promote culturally sensitive healthcare.

Health disparities denote the differences in health outcomes among different groups of people, often caused by social, economic, or environmental disadvantages. Addressing health disparities is crucial in global health to work towards equity and access to healthcare for all.

Cultural competency is the ability of health care providers to effectively deliver health care services that meet the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients. It is essential in global health for reducing health disparities and improving health outcomes in diverse patient populations.

Structural violence refers to systematic ways in which social structures harm or otherwise disadvantage individuals. Understanding structural violence is fundamental in global health for addressing the root causes of health inequities and promoting social justice.

Global health governance refers to the collective actions and solutions that are undertaken by international and transnational organizations to address global health issues. It is crucial for coordinating efforts to combat pandemics and achieve health equity.

Biomedicine is a dominant system of medical practice in western societies that emphasizes biological explanations for illnesses and favors technological interventions and pharmaceuticals for treatment. Its relevance in global health lies in its influence on health policies, research priorities, and the global distribution of resources.

Healthcare ethnography involves the qualitative, in-depth study of healthcare settings, practices, and interactions to gain insights into the experiences and perspectives of patients and providers. In global health, ethnographic research can inform culturally sensitive and effective health interventions.

Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. It is vital in global health for promoting understanding and respect for diverse cultural practices in healthcare.

The epidemiological transition is a shift in the pattern of morbidity and mortality from infectious and acute diseases to chronic and degenerative diseases. It has implications in global health for health service planning, resource allocation, and chronic disease management.

Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions. In global health, enhancing health literacy is important for successful health communication, education, and empowerment.

Transcultural nursing is a specialized field of nursing that focuses on global cultures and comparative cultural caring, health, and nursing phenomena. It highlights the importance of cultural competence in global health to provide effective and sensitive care across different populations.

Health system resilience is the capacity of health systems to prepare for and effectively respond to crises while maintaining core functions. It is critical in global health for ensuring that health systems can withstand and recover from the shocks of events such as pandemics and natural disasters.

Medical syncretism refers to the merging of different health beliefs and practices, often from diverse cultural traditions. It is significant in global health as it can lead to new, hybrid forms of healthcare that may be more culturally acceptable and effective.

Health seeking behaviors are the actions and decisions individuals take in order to maintain or restore their health. In global health, understanding these behaviors is key to improving health outcomes and designing effective health interventions.

Biopower is a concept introduced by Michel Foucault referring to the practice of modern states to regulate their subjects through an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugations of bodies and the control of populations. In global health, biopower is relevant in discussions of health policy, surveillance, and the control of disease.

Applied medical anthropology involves the application of anthropological methods and theories to solve real-world health problems. Its relevance in global health is in designing and implementing culturally appropriate healthcare interventions and policies.

Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks. They are central to global health policy and programming to address health inequalities and improve population health.

Disease prevention encompasses measures taken to prevent diseases rather than treating them or curing their symptoms. In global health, it is a cornerstone for reducing the burden of disease, especially in low-resource settings.